tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-193349892024-03-05T23:25:44.980-08:00Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilizer, Clarifier Reviews; ProblemsUV Sterilizer Reviews; Information Articles, Ideas, Comments, and Links to even more Resources about how UVC Sterilization works in Aquariums/ PondsStevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-46228300032816002492018-09-06T11:51:00.001-07:002018-12-25T11:00:31.954-08:00Aquarium-Pond UV Sterilizer Review; Discount Cheap Clarifiers<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2018/09/aquarium-pond-uv-sterilizer-review.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Revised 12-25-18</p>
<p><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoJzcX47gZjl4kwsZpPsp5t-2e5vBCaS2k5kOY_PBOz1idspPyKte_Za_tqaesbLHDATJGIqUCp3oHkcH4wOvFkja0ItK7KjNhaHQ-9Ynw4MKE813UdIw1gSk4ndKX20vr4Db6/s1200/UV+Sterilizer+Confussion.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoJzcX47gZjl4kwsZpPsp5t-2e5vBCaS2k5kOY_PBOz1idspPyKte_Za_tqaesbLHDATJGIqUCp3oHkcH4wOvFkja0ItK7KjNhaHQ-9Ynw4MKE813UdIw1gSk4ndKX20vr4Db6/s400/UV+Sterilizer+Confussion.jpg" alt="Aquarium, Pond UV Sterilizer Review" hspace="5"></a></center></p>
<p>The Aquarium UV Sterilizer market has now been mostly taken over by Category C UV Sterilizers which are not capable of level one or two sterilization unlike 'Category B' or especially 'Category C' units.<br />
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?</p>
<p>While these cheap UV clarifiers masquerading as true UV Sterilizers have been around for some time, misguided Obama era regulation outlawing high output magnetic ballasts in 2014, has made just obtaining a UV clarifier that can fire the High Output UV lamps capable of running a 'Category B' or especially 'Category A' UV Sterilizer difficult to find if at all in some size UV Sterilizers.</p>
<p>In depth UV Sterilizer information:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">Aquarium Pond UV Sterilizer Use; Facts & Information</a></p>
Why does this matter?<br />
High output UV lamps/bulbs have 35% UVC versus common low output UV lamps which have about 7-10% UVC. This is FOUR TIMES the UVC output!!<br />
These same HO UV lamps require a surge voltage to start that is often 500+ volts which most modern cheap electronic ballast simply cannot do or at least for more than a couple of starts.<br />
Reference: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">High Output UVC Emission from a UV Bulb/Lamp; Aquarium or Pond </a></p>
<p>The reason for this law was for efficiency of fluorescent lights, which is fine for your average hardware store fluorescent light fixture, but NOT for a high output UV Sterilizer.<br />
This law opened the door for even more cheap Chinese UV Clarifiers masquerading as true UV Sterilizer to flood the market.</p>
It also takes some education to understand this, but one does not need be a rocket scientist either.<br />
One confusing aspect for consumers is they will see the same model number such as CUV-118 and assume that two models at very different prices are one in the same, WHEN IN FACT THEY ARE NOT!<br />
When a retailer orders something from China, it can be ordered to certain specifications at a different price (think Apple with the iPhone as these have been manufactured in China, but to standards set forward by Apple).</p>
<p>When one considers the wide price of ballasts and HO UV lights versus low output UV lights, price alone is an easy indicator.<br />
You cannot sell an 18 Watt UV Sterilizer with "free shipping" (which requires the seller to pay shipping) and pay eBay fees of 10%+ for $60 when the actual cost of a true Category B CUV-118 Terminator UV is well above $60 and stay in business.<br />
So obviously these sellers (such as one eBay seller in China operating out of a home Hacienda Heights, CA.) are selling UVs with standard ballasts/power supplies and low output UV lamps, so all you are getting is a Category C UV Clarifier.</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1vkvH6flVtYHHu_f5BY6LkEbmzdLptljM1cgXOAiYZC8xpFwJEENz3yNGg17vxpa0CmZ3Uq8mr_uS7NjoIbIQmOks5Oc0KOu7kQ9UPYI0Pw7WJ87xqewONlbo6Fp5AQBrs9Of/s800/Low+vs+High+Output+Ballast.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1vkvH6flVtYHHu_f5BY6LkEbmzdLptljM1cgXOAiYZC8xpFwJEENz3yNGg17vxpa0CmZ3Uq8mr_uS7NjoIbIQmOks5Oc0KOu7kQ9UPYI0Pw7WJ87xqewONlbo6Fp5AQBrs9Of/s320/Low+vs+High+Output+Ballast.jpg" alt="Aquarium, Pond UV Sterilizer Ballast Comparison" align="left" hspace="5"></a>
BALLAST/POWER SUPPLY COSTS:<br />
Let's take a look at a 55 Watt Ballast/Power Supply.<br />
A "GE UltraStart GE254MVPS-A (67562) T5HO Programmed Start Ballast" is selling online $19.40.<br />
While a "TMC 55- 58 Watt High Output Electronic Ballast" sells for $75.99.<br />
One might argue that the $75.99 ballast could be cheaper, however one cannot reduce the price by almost 75% and be profitable.<br />
HO Ballast Reference/Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/QuartzSleeveBallast.html#tmc_electronic" target="_blank">TMC 55- 58 Watt HO Electronic Ballast</a></p>
<p>Now back to your UV Clarifier you see listed on eBay of Amazon for $60, it becomes quite obvious that this is simply NOT possible to have a True Category A or B UV Sterilizer at this price. Yet so many fall for this.</p>
<p> This in turn creates another problem which is fed by social media and Google with its current search no longer considers content & authority, rather popularity in social media.<br />
People will purchase these cheap 'Category C' UV Clarifiers then report back to social media that they did nothing for disease prevention nor little for Redox balance improvement and often are not all that good for clarification. <br>
This will be accepted as science based fact when in fact it is not and next thing you know you have people stating UV Sterilizers are mostly useless despite real evidence to the contrary.</p>
<p>AVAILABILITY OF HO UV STERILIZERS.<br/>
With this law, many ultra premium Category A UV Sterilizers have unfortunately been permanently retired. However some of these premium Category A UVs have had electronic ballasts sourced that will work or in one case a European model (not subject to the law) has been used instead, although it requires being supplied with a 220V to 110V converter.<br />
As per Category B UVs, these are still generally available in most cases (although the before mentioned 18 Watt version is currently unavailable).</p>
<p>RECOMMENDED PRODUCT RESOURCES:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">AAP/SunSun Terminator Version HO Category B UV Sterilizers</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">AAP/TMC Vecton/Advantage Category A Ultra Premium UV Sterilizers</a></p><br />
<p>OTHER HELPFUL AQUARIUM/POND RESOURCES</p>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ViaAqua750CanisterFilter.html#sunsunparts" target="_blank">Sunsun Canister Filter Parts; 704, 404, 403, 402, & more</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquaRayLEDLighting.html" target="_blank">AquaRay LED Lighting; From the ONLY true professional online seller!</a> <i>Beware of a parasite retailer selling this product out of a home that does not really know this product.</i><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html" target="_blank">Wonder Shell for Improved Aquarium Redox Balance</a> <i>Another tool besides a category A or B UV Sterilizer to improve aquarium redox balance and thus improve over all fish health</i>.<br></p><br>
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-68429743367830144642015-12-03T14:50:00.000-08:002019-03-02T08:25:05.135-08:00Aquarium-Pond UV Sterilizer History<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2015/12/aquarium-pond-uv-sterilizer-history.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Last Updated: 3/2/2019<br /><br />
Aquarium-Pond UV Sterilizer History (from my professional perspective dating back to 1978)<br /><br />
True Aquarium UV Sterilizers as well as Clarifiers have actually changed very little in the what's important and defines a useful sterilizer (which most of the Sterilizers now sold by discounters such as Amazon, eBay, AquaTop, Chewy.com, etc, are actually just Clarifiers). This is unlike aquarium lighting and some other aspects of aquarium (& pond) keeping that have changed radically.<br /><br />
What has changed is how they are packaged and sold.<br /><br />
Decades back, most all UV Sterilizers used low pressure UVC bulbs/lamps, but now many use medium pressure and/or cold cathode UV lamps, which are much less efficient, but vastly less expensive. About the only differences were how the containment unit was designed, which affected exposure/dwell time and the use of a quartz sleeve or not.<br />
As well, when new ideas came out, which did not work well, these were quickly retired as the industry was mostly driven by professional use and serious aquarium supply stores. <br />
Unfortunately of late, some of these same bad designs have resurfaced, but are surviving in our "sound-bite", Internet, big box retailer, & Amazon/eBay review world where measured science/experience based results do not matter anymore.<br /><br />
This is quite unfortunate, as this has allowed many poor quality UVs to survive, which use medium pressure UV lamps (which provide about 1/4 the UVC of a quality low pressure lamp), poor designs such as some of the "Hang on the Back" designs, which nothing more than copies of the failed Nektonics designs from the late 70s to early 80s, as well as submersible UV that not only include the first two faults, but also do not include important pre-filtration (these are commonly sold by Amazon).<br />
This result has further helped with the myth that a UV Sterilizer is good for nothing more than clarification when in fact this is only true of UV Clarifiers (or UV Clarifiers that are marketed as UV Sterilizers but in reality are far from a TRUE Category A capable UV Sterilizer). The truth is a TRUE category A UV Sterilizer can demonstrably do so much more from disease prevention to lowering oxidative stress in the aquarium (or pond)</p>
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<p>So the purpose of this article is to provide some history of the aquarium/pond UV going back to about 1978, so as to help reader make better informed decisions before purchasing such an important piece of aquarium or pond equipment, which not only is well known for helping with clarity, but also with some disease prevention, as well as the lessor known help a good UV provide with Redox Balance, which in turn improves fish and other aquarium inhabitant immunity.<br /><br />
Some Background- I have been in the hobby since about 1967 and professionally employed since 1978. One of my expertise fields is fish disease prevention where I have carried out dozens experiments, along as made literally 1000s of observations in the 1000s of client's aquariums over the year in my care. UV Sterilization in particular became a major interest for me where I performed many experiments, and made many more observations. I also designed my own UV units to further experiment with. In addition, I also regularly attended trade shows and spoke with many experts in this field too which include Aquanetics and Aquatronics.<br /><br />
I will provide highlights of certain UV Sterilizers that I had considerable experience with and also represents important aspects and key developments of aquarium/pond UV Sterilizers. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list.<br />
Also any times given are not meant to be exact, as well these are based on my time of use, not the years they were available to the general public.</p>
<ul><li><b><i>Aquanetics UV Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZGanrKcSd2EvRZhuHFOQG0fgG_hfk1rEMOXftatd4Te8_Od6xM_ahsgjeZk1-HohjaRV69H574p7lEhWqZ3P4DXfOMjYen9mO73fuyu-SkzajHZIxt9xG7Qp6Atb2kCfNTcGN/s1600/Aquanetics.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZGanrKcSd2EvRZhuHFOQG0fgG_hfk1rEMOXftatd4Te8_Od6xM_ahsgjeZk1-HohjaRV69H574p7lEhWqZ3P4DXfOMjYen9mO73fuyu-SkzajHZIxt9xG7Qp6Atb2kCfNTcGN/s250/Aquanetics.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Aquanetics UV Sterilizer"></a>Circa 1978- 1990?<br />
These are one of the best early UV Sterilizers I used and would also in turn recommend and sell based on results.<br /><br />
These were generally an in-line UV Sterilizer that utilized 15, 25, & 30 Watt T8 style low pressure UV lamps/bulbs.<br />
Many of these also were straight water contact with the lamp with no quartz sleeve, although quartz sleeve models did become available too.<br />
The Aquanetics at the time I used these utilized reliable magnetic ballasts with starters, most of which the ballast themselves rarely went bad unless there was a leak in a seal and water got to the ballast.<br /><br />
Most of these UVs lasted a decade or more, had an excellent dwell time and most importantly produced excellent results both by dozens observations and a few controlled test later in the 1980s using a bare tank with cloudy water and timing the clearing time.</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_2YhacPJEOMZNMvGfI_rrxagx-6mC5X3b-yxrH52D9lRKQxg-si1EHzhQFhn_p48xOOvenAvJQPONQRyctwxeGeF49MLR3X5WUyQ8t3EltT0268IRjPFoKmLnAq0v_E2cD-cH/s600/Aquanetics+UV.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_2YhacPJEOMZNMvGfI_rrxagx-6mC5X3b-yxrH52D9lRKQxg-si1EHzhQFhn_p48xOOvenAvJQPONQRyctwxeGeF49MLR3X5WUyQ8t3EltT0268IRjPFoKmLnAq0v_E2cD-cH/s200/Aquanetics+UV.JPG" align="right" hspace="5" alt="Aquanetics UV Sterilizer versus Lifeguard"></a>In fact I had an Aquanetics 15 IL UV mated to a canister filter that I used to rotate to client aquariums that did not have a running UV. However one time I had client that already had a working LifeGuard 8 watt where the tank was cloudy, so I added this Aquanetics UV and within two hours the customer called and told me the tank was crystal clear.<br/>
This really sold me on this line of UVs which I later performed tests on as it made me realize in my early years that not all UVs were equal. Later as Aquanetics became difficult to obtain I went with the TMC line of UVs (which unfortunately of late are also becoming difficult to obtain world flooded by cheap UV Sterilizers</p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Nektonics UV Sterilizers that connected to filters:</i></b><br />
<p>Circa 1978- 1981?<br />
When these came out, I thought that this UV was a great idea as it allowed a compact UV that utilized a "non-traditional" 5 watt "bulb shaped" UV lamp whereby water was circulated in a non regulated fashion around the lamp. This UV connected easily to lift tubes such as the excellent Nektonics Under Gravel filter (their UV filters with their patented corrugated design were vastly more efficient than other flat plate UG filters).<br /><br />
Unfortunately, the design allowed for constant calcium deposits on and around the lamp. The design also did not establish a very good flow pattern and thus a reliable dwell time was not assured. The distance from the lamp to the wall of the UV sterilization chamber was also higher than the Aquanetics resulting in poor sterilization capabilities.<br /><br />
So in the end where I bought over a dozen of these UV Sterilizers, I found that while they could perform some clarification (even then taking much longer than the Nektonics), these simply were not a very good UV.<br />
An example would be, I had several marine oodinium outbreaks with these UVs in place, but once swapped out for the Aquanetics, while I still had an occasional incidence of oodinium, it was easily cut by 75% in the dozen marine tanks I swapped out UVs for<br /><br />
This is not to knock Nektonics, as at the time they were often a cutting edge manufacturer of aquarium products, especially aimed at the growing in popularity marine fish keeping hobby, these were just unfortunately a "fail" that I learned from as I worked with UV Sterilizers in the future, including in designing some custom UVs of my own.<br /><br />
<i><b>Sadly, this design has come back from the grave</i></b> in many HOB type UV sterilizers, that often also utilize medium pressure UV bulbs/lamps (at least the Nektonics used a low pressure UV lamp).
These HOB units under the name of Aqueon, Aquatop and others are commonly sold by Amazon and other mass merchandisers, and sadly promoted by some inexperienced YouTubers such as "My Aquarium Box"<br />
So be wary of wasting your money on these, no matter how appealing the $30-$50 price for a UV Sterilizer combined with a filter that hangs on the back of your aquarium. In reality, these nothing more than basic filter with a pretty blue light inside them!!<br /><br />
Further Reading About Medium Pressure UV Bulbs:<br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Lifeguard Modular UV Sterilizers (Models QL-8 & QL-15:</i></b><br /><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7k-1YtP0nIcwo8KbTWo_povnonelFpgdODllTsZ98XX3kpQHjsPdNfEdxdj2MxnbZc1oFDwE1JSe5YmF9lywgW74kcCDmDZIJJF8P_GuPClaq5BlgMlv4e5lM_xjZ8BO1J8uZ/s1600/Lifeguard+8+Watt+UV.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7k-1YtP0nIcwo8KbTWo_povnonelFpgdODllTsZ98XX3kpQHjsPdNfEdxdj2MxnbZc1oFDwE1JSe5YmF9lywgW74kcCDmDZIJJF8P_GuPClaq5BlgMlv4e5lM_xjZ8BO1J8uZ/s250/Lifeguard+8+Watt+UV.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Lifeguard modular UV Sterilizer"></a>Circa 1978- ?<br />
The Lifeguard modular QL Sterilizers were/are a popular UV Sterilizer, which I did not initially purchase for my clients, but inherited at 10+ from clients who purchased their aquarium equipment elsewhere then contacted me for aquarium maintenance.<br />
These are a solid construction UV Sterilizer.<br />
These LifeGuard UVs used newer T5 lamps (smaller diameter than T8), but any improved efficiencies from these lamps were lost by a poor design that had poor water/UVC contact.<br /><br />
In one example, I had a new client with a new LifeGuard QL UV, which had a cloudy 55 gallon hex shaped aquarium (which clearing an aquarium is generally a basic ability of UV Sterilizers). I brought over an Aquanetics 15 Watt run by a canister filter I used for moving from aquarium to aquarium, this aquarium was clear in a matter of hours.<br />
In every case I changed out these UV Sterilizers, I found similar improvements, although not all this dramatic.
As with Nektonics, Lifegaurd has made many excellent products over the years, however my experience was these simply were not the best UV Sterilizer design. As well, like many Lifeguard products, these were over priced in my view, and Lifeguard was never very good at supporting aquarium professionals, often under selling to mail order and later discount online sellers rather than full service sellers (both online and stores), so in the end I am not a "fan" of this company.<br /><br />
Further Reading: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/12/turbo-twist-lifeguard-uv-sterilizer.html" target="_blank">Turbo Twist, LifeGuard UV Sterilizer Review</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Tetra Pond UVC-5, 9, 18, & 36:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkfTXkcSz4gMmc0sqtAEv_S9LlkUbHKd0vkuyzJZwcuy5XcOYJre9zVyyEhYCD6Am9szHG-27qjPNl8YzZChSqz21mHIIi0SGsz_NH65VAiCSqqLVyPkgJ9vr4_jfePalwtJdm/s1600/Tetra+Pond.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkfTXkcSz4gMmc0sqtAEv_S9LlkUbHKd0vkuyzJZwcuy5XcOYJre9zVyyEhYCD6Am9szHG-27qjPNl8YzZChSqz21mHIIi0SGsz_NH65VAiCSqqLVyPkgJ9vr4_jfePalwtJdm/s250/Tetra+Pond.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Tetra Pond UV Sterilizer"></a>Circa 1988- ?<br />
This well made UV has been around in some form. While designated a Pond UV, I have also used it in aquariums too with good results.<br /><br />
These are what are called "Compact UV Sterilizers" and use use a different style UV lamps than the straight tube UVs. These lamps/bulbs carry designations such as PLL, PLS, G23, G7, G11.<br />
Tetra only uses only quality low pressure high output UVC lamps/bulbs, however Tetra also makes many of the lamps proprietary so that it can be difficult to find the lamp without paying 2-3 times what a comparable high quality low pressure UV lamps would sell for.<br />
Thankfully some other options for quality replacement bulbs/lamps are now available at a better cost<br />
Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">Premium UVC Replacement Bulbs/Lamps; Including Tetra G-7 9 Watt and G11 18 Watt</a><br /><br />
Another issue I have with the Tetra UV is that while these are well designed and well made, there are also comparable quality UVs in build and lamp usage such as the SunSun Terminator for much less in cost. So often a buyer will pay considerably more for their Tetra UV and not actually get a better unit.</p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Pressurized Pond Filters with Built in UV Clarifiers/Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2NPardNydbce0WyUBUOzjSFt_pbY7zxp7J5NnpNZee7O2BOaVznHYlH8Vxvipu-fVXM8lXzxVzPW0BvsCq6quZpPbOiriIU3ehUP28K8WS4SNRCE8kqQPvLvg6_oWfFlKe2QJ/s1600/Tetra+Pond+Pressurized+Filter.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2NPardNydbce0WyUBUOzjSFt_pbY7zxp7J5NnpNZee7O2BOaVznHYlH8Vxvipu-fVXM8lXzxVzPW0BvsCq6quZpPbOiriIU3ehUP28K8WS4SNRCE8kqQPvLvg6_oWfFlKe2QJ/s250/Tetra+Pond+Pressurized+Filter.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Tetra Pressurized Pond Filter with UV Sterilizer"></a>Circa 1988- ?<br />
The pressurized pond filter which fits in line from a water pump to many water features in a pond became a very popular method of efficient pond filtration.<br />
Later UV Clarifiers/Sterilizers were added to these filters including the Tetra, Nursery Pro, Via Aqua, SunSun and MANY others.<br /><br />
The first one I used were the Tetra Pressurized Pond filter with UV. However I immediately noted that these were not very efficient even for basic clarification (even though the filter worked well).<br />
Upon adding a similar sized Tetra UV Sterilizer such as a 9 Watt, the improvements were dramatic as per clarification or speed of clarification.<br /><br />
Why these poor results? for one the flow rate often over 2000 gph is simply too high for a 9 watt UV or most size UV lamps used, no matter the quality. As well the design of these filters do not lend them to optimum contact/dwell time. I have found this to be true regardless of brand.<br /><br />
My suggestion is to utilize a separate quality UV Sterilizer in line AFTER your filter and if your flow rate is too high, which is likely, having a diverter valve after the filter so as to slow the flow rate to a rate more effective for clarification will improve results dramatically (under 50-70 gph per watt depending upon model).
Reference: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#flowtable" target="_blank">UV Sterilization; Flow Rate Table</a><br /><br />
Product Source: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearStreamPondFilter.html" target="_blank">Upgraded Pressurized Pond Filter with UV</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Coralife Turbo Twist Compact UV Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p>Circa 1995- ?<br />
This is another Compact UV like the Tetra that also uses quality low pressure high output UVC lamps/bulbs.<br /><br />
However their design, which uses what I would describe as baffles does not lend itself to optimum water contact, and my use of many confirmed this with lessor results.<br /><br />
Another issue that has come up with more recent usages is with the poor quality of their ballasts. My aquarium maintenance company bought a case of these Turbo Twist UVs and over a year time span, EVERY ONE FAILED!<br />
While this problem may already be fixed, based on this experience and effectiveness of design as well as the higher cost, these are definitely a UV Sterilizer I would not recommend.<br /><br />
Further Reading: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/12/turbo-twist-lifeguard-uv-sterilizer.html" target="_blank">Turbo Twist, LifeGuard UV Sterilizer Review</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Other Compact UV Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfWSFCx1m3uZvTt6AJWjQ1VgOqb0rUtye8R7hlO7WvYq1smgY18Qcfm4gqfIdOnVZkpkb_KadY7urIFiM1KaEEKJIDgP3Nl_yJG14K-gzAOtSpeRdroSpFX1BMC8uj-9X6oc2Y/s1600/Terminator+UV.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfWSFCx1m3uZvTt6AJWjQ1VgOqb0rUtye8R7hlO7WvYq1smgY18Qcfm4gqfIdOnVZkpkb_KadY7urIFiM1KaEEKJIDgP3Nl_yJG14K-gzAOtSpeRdroSpFX1BMC8uj-9X6oc2Y/s250/Terminator+UV.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Via Aqua, SunSun Terminator UV Sterilizer"></a>Circa 1990- ?<br />
Many other Compact UV Sterilizer/Clarifiers have come out over the years, some good like the Tetra, but at a lower price such as the Via Aqua Terminator & newer SunSun version, some of much lower quality and design, including utilizing 25% of the output medium pressure UV Bulbs/Lamps when compared to higher output (and higher cost too) low pressure UV Bulbs/Lamps.<br /><br />
The first incarnation of the Terminator was an excellent well built UV Sterilizer that had a good electronic ballasts (not all are as noted in the Coralife Turbo Twist section). The retail selling price was also much lower than the Tetra and these units also did not utilize the proprietary UV replacement Bulbs that the Tetra Compact UVs did. This resulted in the Terminator being my go to economy Compact UV for which I sold and used literally 100s.<br /><br />
Unfortunately around 2010, and partly due to infringement on designs of many of their products, Via Aqua changed their design to one, which while still good, was a bit less reliable and more prone to workmanship issues.<br />
Later Via Aqua dropped this UV too.<br /><br />
Thankfully SunSun has models that follow the original Terminator design, although they are not always equipped with low pressure UV bulbs out of the factory unless requested by the distributor and/or retailer. So be wary of some low price sellers of SunSun UV Sterilizers (Compact or otherwise) that are too cheap to be true, as these likely have lower price point medium pressure UV Bulbs.<br />
Further Reading About Medium Pressure UV Bulbs:<br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond</a><br /><br />
Recommended Resource for SunSun Compact UV Sterilizers:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">SunSun Compact UV Sterilizers with High Output UV Bulbs/Lamps</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Aqua, Emperor, & TMC UV Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4lGedWvYB5EtKGinIXvMjULbvjHGV-gVv51Unc5tAwIH42U2gLzli2Tln1QvDzeJ8xYaOSjBQjX35SxhZawlRkbu7SmWQ4Eh_AVB4BD5BM6t1zeaYQxgTS1c9_2TISvRZUHp3/s800/Emperor+UV.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4lGedWvYB5EtKGinIXvMjULbvjHGV-gVv51Unc5tAwIH42U2gLzli2Tln1QvDzeJ8xYaOSjBQjX35SxhZawlRkbu7SmWQ4Eh_AVB4BD5BM6t1zeaYQxgTS1c9_2TISvRZUHp3/s190/Emperor+UV.jpg" align="right" hspace="5" alt="Emperor UV Sterilizer Review"></a>
Circa 1990- ?<br />
<i><b>The Aqua Ultraviolet, Emperor, and TMC/AAP Vecton & Advantage UV Sterilizers</b></i> were three of the high end premium models I started using in the 1990s (this does not mean these were not around earlier). When the Aquanetics became less available along with new suppliers and new clients who already had this equipment before contracting with me for their aquarium or pond care, these were the three premium UVs I had the most exposure to.<br /><br />
I found that the <b><i>Aqua Ultraviolet</i></b> along with the often similar Emperor UV to be excellent UVs with unsurpassed efficiency based many observations and a few of my simple bare tank timed clarification tests as well.<br />
The Aqua Ultraviolet & Emperor UV also unfortunately came out with gimmicky features such as wipers to supposedly scrap off build-up of material on the quartz sleeve between lamp/quartz sleeve 6-12 month servicings. However, while this worked OK with organic mulm, this feature did nothing for the main problem of build-up; hard water deposits.<br />
Reliability was excellent, but the few times of need of manufacturer warranty customer service as well as parts availability, these UVs were not as easy to take care of. <br /><br />
My other complaint is not really with the unit itself, rather how the <b><i>Emperor 50 Watt Smart UV</i></b> is unfortunately marketed by a popular online discount reef supply seller that shows their limited experience using UV Sterilizers.<br />
While most definitely a very well built UV Sterilizer, it has poor dwell time in proportion to the input wattage used due to exposure time with the T5 lamp and high water volume within the reaction chamber.<br /><br />
Here is some information as to why their claims are not totally correct (please note that the Emperor Smart 50 watt uses a T5 lamp):<br />
<i>"While T5 lamps are roughly 16% more efficient at converting electrical energy into light energy, this does not necessarily make the T5 the better lamp as some have stated.
Given two lamps of equal length, equal UVC light output, and equal flow rates, then the dwell time will be the same, and the germicidal effectiveness will be practically indistinguishable, regardless of the number of electrical watts pumped into each one.<br />
As an analogy it is like saying that if my car goes 140 mph with a 200 hp engine, and 160 mph with a 300 hp engine, then a 300 hp HYBRID engine (using 16% less gas) will make my car go 180 mph (as per the logic of using a T5 over a T8 UV lamp).<br /><br />
Also, if the manufacturer uses a 5/8" diameter T5 instead of a 1" diameter T8, and reduces the tube sleeve diameter by 3/8" (compared to a T8 fixture), and then reduces the reaction chamber diameter by 3/8" (to stay within 3cm of the tube sleeve); in that case, the T5 fixture will have a smaller cross section area, which will REDUCE the dwell time for any given volume flow rate."</i><br /><br />
Reference for Quote above: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizerDwellTime.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizer Dwell Time Test</a><br /><br />
Further Reading: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#uvquality" target="_blank">UV Sterilization; What Makes a Good UV Sterilizer</a></p>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/EqHfYl2JFog" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6co14yPca-s5j1wAbHzvCtB1ladj1LGA1HQHe6cw_Vv6SHivos7YPbtQ541SYFLaNLuj183rNKC7UhgEYpI7yibNq5q1NziSSOgsopPmQTBrHrfYQpQcoXNlh1SyBMUbOr-6k/s320/Aqua+vs+TMC+Video.JPG" alt="Aqua UV versus TMC UV Sterilizer"><br><b>VIDEO: Aqua Pond UV vs TMC AAP Pond UV Clarifier Sterilizer</b></a><br>
<i>A comparison of the two top large pond/aquarium-system UV Sterilizers and why the AAP/TMC comes out as the best when price and dwell time is considered</i></p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGKb9O8S3cytj04Py_F-4wm7_N-Diu5F_fZ6Ryj2PP3-lWX98U9crU6jcJzC0Jj3QAB1fgrila2esoPNw8L8wMYYrMsiAzyAhMzoVw2HCD-ogrgaVs_Ifano76rWE2N9oqSuib/s1600/vecton.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGKb9O8S3cytj04Py_F-4wm7_N-Diu5F_fZ6Ryj2PP3-lWX98U9crU6jcJzC0Jj3QAB1fgrila2esoPNw8L8wMYYrMsiAzyAhMzoVw2HCD-ogrgaVs_Ifano76rWE2N9oqSuib/s250/vecton.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="TMC Vecton UV Sterilizer"></a><b><i>AAP/TMC had a similar well made offering; the Vecton for aquariums and the Advantage</i></b> primarily for ponds, although I have used several for aquariums too.<br />
Problems were non existent other than the occasional UV arriving with a broken quartz sleeve, this now in 1000s of sales/uses.<br />
My only complaint is earlier models of Vectons came with a gimmicky time set feature that was really a waste of time, thankfully they did away with this in favor of a much more practical 90 degree elbow that is now included.<br /><br />
The Vecton is designed to be more compact and have a lower water volume design along with slightly better UVC exposure than the Advantage. The earlier versions of the Vectons has a rather gimmicky light set that was supposed to help remind the user when to change the lamp, however the normal method of keeping a log is actually more simple. Thankfully, this silly feature was done away with and instead the UV includes a more practical 90 degree elbow.<br /><br />
Overall reliability as well as performance has been unsurpassed when compared to any other UV I have used.<br /><br />
Parts availability is also second to none as many UVs nowadays do not have many parts other than the UV lamps readily available. I also like that the 30 watt models and lower still use a very heavy duty magnetic ballast, as I have found that even with the best of electronic ballasts, a 5 year life is often the best you will get which is not the case with these Vecton (& Advantages).<br />
Even if warranty service is needed (which again I have yet to need this in 1000s of applications), the UV only need be taken to the original retailer, not sent away by the owner for repairs.</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSDt7FB2Osus8IIeRCWyWTYBqkC5jzvHtbVAWVHEJRsReIpiQhp2dygdxTimwK2Pq78_z5r7ttlDDE8VNAaTXZCaMBGLKx-1hgfXrJHi6XnGZpGRnW-1-AhbT9CmBXBzG78EHB/s1600/Pond+Advantage.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSDt7FB2Osus8IIeRCWyWTYBqkC5jzvHtbVAWVHEJRsReIpiQhp2dygdxTimwK2Pq78_z5r7ttlDDE8VNAaTXZCaMBGLKx-1hgfXrJHi6XnGZpGRnW-1-AhbT9CmBXBzG78EHB/s250/Pond+Advantage.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="TMC Advantage UV Sterilizer"></a><br /><br />Everything I stated about the Vecton as per reliability and performance holds true for the Advantage as well.<br /><br />
The difference is the 55 Watt Advantage model (not available in North America) & the 110 watt model utilize an electronic ballast, which is still as good and reliable as any electronic ballast I have ever used, but just not as reliable as the TMC magnetic ballasts used in the smaller Advantages and Vectons. As per ballasts, what is noteworthy is that I have never replaced a failed magnetic ballast in any TMC UV other than when it was damaged by water, not by defect.<br />
This said, an extremely misguided USA 2014 (& dare I say anti small business) regulation has banned the use of magnetic ballasts which are actually better for firing HO UV Sterilizers of lower wattages, so now many models of both Vecton & Advantage have been discontinued and those still made now utilize electronic ballasts.<br />
AAP has been able to secure the UK 220/240V model in the Vecton 200 (8 watt) which still utilizes the magnetic ballast and provide a converter for North American markets.<br /><br />
Back to differences between the Vecton & Advantage; the other difference is the volume of water the Advantage can hold when compared apples to apples such as the Vecton 25 watt to the Advantage 25 watt. The Advantage holds more water which allows for the higher flow rates generally needed/desired in ponds, however the UVC exposure is lower in the Advantages for this same reason.<br /><br />
Overall, while I have used equally good UV Sterilizers as in the Aqua Ultraviolet, when value, parts availability, reliability, and warranty are considered, the TMC/AAP Advantage/Vecton UVs have been my clear choice for use personally and with my clients.<br /><br />
Recommended Resource for AAP/TMC Premium UV Sterilizers:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">TMC Advantage & Vecton Aquarium/Pond Premium UV Sterilizer</a></p></li><br />
<li><b><i>Internal/Submersible UV Sterilizers:</i></b><br />
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjumR5-6kLE3QtnOBCGcVya62UweCH472xtpY6DZw8CGB1z_rR2IQ4hqqJg8uUaf4xQq-QXcQbcyuFzTIAQ7fkFyLYImgepzhHYgmRh1ztigCZmFD9LhbqIAR5Z6rKy7bfRRR/s800/GreenKillingMachine.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjumR5-6kLE3QtnOBCGcVya62UweCH472xtpY6DZw8CGB1z_rR2IQ4hqqJg8uUaf4xQq-QXcQbcyuFzTIAQ7fkFyLYImgepzhHYgmRh1ztigCZmFD9LhbqIAR5Z6rKy7bfRRR/s250/GreenKillingMachine.JPG" align="right" hspace="5" alt="Green Killing Machine UV Sterilizer Review"></a>Circa 2007- ?<br />
Internal/Submersible UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers in their current form are relatively new to the aquarium/pond hobby/industry.<br />
However, they have unfortunately taken the hobby by storm. Why unfortunately? Because the vast majority are only good as clarifiers, despite less than honest statement these can actually be useful for disease pathogen control and Redox balance magnetism. The other major issue is many have issues with seals and/or ballast, resulting in life spans of well under a year, which does not seem to show up in poor Amazon reviews since these UVs usually get reviewed based on initial use.<br /><br />
It is noteworthy that one of the first to enter the market was the Green Killing Machine. It was quickly rejected by professional aquarium maintenance professionals due to its short life and ability to only clarify, but good marketing to discounters has allowed this product to unfortunately proliferate the market.<br><br>
One other problem with the vast majority of the submersible/internal UVs is these do not utilize pre-filtration which is very important for effective UV Sterilization. Nor do most use high output UVC low pressure UV bulbs and instead utilize 1/4 output of UVC medium pressure UV Bulbs<br /><br />
The first one to finally get it right is the AAP version of SunSun CUP 9 and 13 Watt which have pre-filtration, low pressure UV Bulbs, and a correct flow rate for the watt of UV used. Even then while these are True Category B UVs, these are still an economy UV Sterilizer and being submersible will not provide as along a life as in-line models such as the Terminator.<br>
Unfortunately these same exact model numbers are also sold on Amazon without these important features for those who are unfamiliar with what is important for a decent UV Sterilizer.<br /><br />
Further Reading:<br />
-<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizer Problems & Reviews; Submersible Pond, UVC Clarifier </a><br>
-<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond</a><br />
-<a href="https://www.fish-as-pets.com/2014/10/common-aquarium-keeping-myths.html" target="_blank">Common Aquarium Keeping Myths </a><br /><br />
Recommended Resource for SunSun CUP Submersible UV Sterilizers:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">SunSun Submersible UV Sterilizers with High Output UV Bulbs/Lamps & Pre-Filters</a></li></ul></p>
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-59543660136464234432013-10-17T17:57:00.001-07:002020-03-09T13:21:38.006-07:00High Output UVC Emission from a UV Bulb/Lamp; Aquarium or Pond <p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Last Updated: 3/9/2020<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.offthemark.com/" title="Off the Mark Cartoons" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEginjZEmsOuoNcq3rOWOBW-JVcvIsU0z5PNjVw4jTG_w0TlzJRzUHgrcZwUE5bJh4YXnccmDSgNQlvJoVhSfyu0hmShhlwBx1Opjs8Dx1bQYdgs1dOhQmN7ApVrmKZjP98Bgq1b/s320/1997-04-14.gif" alt="Bacteria Joke, Actual UVC Emissions from UV Bulb, Review" align="left" hspace="5"></a></p>
<h1><font size="3">OVERVIEW;<br>
Actual UVC output from your Aquarium/Pond UV Bulb/Lamp</font></h1>
<p>A great point was brought up in one of our blogs specify geared to sterilizers and UV bulbs.<br>
All the time, we hear about the wattage a bulb of any kind uses.<br>
A standard light we use in our homes are 60 watt bulbs.<br>
In water sterilizers, the bulb might be a 30 watt bulb.</p>
<p>The point made and the question now being; does a 30 watt UV-C bulb emit 30 watts of useful sterilizing watts? <br>
And, the answer is No.<br>
The UV-C wattage emitted is not the same wattage of a lamp.</p>
<p>Wattage of a bulb can be misleading. Watts used in a bulb is the power consumption of a bulb.<br>
A 60 watt bulb used 60 watts of power. The actual output of a bulb is directly related to the wattage.<br>
The higher the watts used, the great the power consumption.<br>
But what is noteworthy, is that the wattage though does not actually tell us how much useful output the bulb has, or how efficient it is.<br>
The efficiency of the bulb is the actual output of the bulb.</p>
<p><b><i>This efficiency is what becomes important</i></b> as we look for a replacement for our UV Sterilizer/Clarifier or even a new UV Sterilizer as most of what is sold via the Internet or discounter brick & mortar stores are LOW OUTPUT medium pressure UV bulbs/lamps with as little as 25% of the UVC of the vastly better low pressure high output UV lamps sold but by a handful of high end sellers.<br>
So please read on and beware if the price seems too good.</p>
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<p><b><i>Specify speaking about UV-C bulbs</i></b>, they have a light energy spike at a certain wavelength of light (254nm). This light energy is what sterilizes.<br>
With any UV-C bulb, there will be an energy spike at this lighting level as well use some of it lighting energy on other parts of the lighting spectrum.</p>
<p>The light emitted at the UV-C namometer of light is the useful energy or wattage used from the bulb. The other energy emitted on the lighting spectrum that is not UV-C is essentially wasted energy.<br>
Therefore the wattage of the lamp is not the same wattage being emitted of UV-C. <br>
A 30 watt UV bulb does not emit 30 watts of UV-C.</p>
<p>Take a look at this picture which shows the energy spike of a UV bulb. At this spike, light energy has sterilizing abilities.</p>
<p><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj219Gi9RUCUbBwG0o50rbHQqQcIhDozLVwWBlCouBrC4A7eSO9V58ljs-O0Lzi0xyMpwdBNafEHHgvmUxq0tO-b99Ss9jUi3RKdJVHuurlbpkuMICKYmfiv4byzB6Lg85LjB-L/s1600/Actual+UVC+Emission.jpg" title="UVC Emission" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj219Gi9RUCUbBwG0o50rbHQqQcIhDozLVwWBlCouBrC4A7eSO9V58ljs-O0Lzi0xyMpwdBNafEHHgvmUxq0tO-b99Ss9jUi3RKdJVHuurlbpkuMICKYmfiv4byzB6Lg85LjB-L/s320/Actual+UVC+Emission.jpg" align="center" hspace="5" alt="UVC Emission from Aquarium or Pond UV Bulb, review"></center></a></p>
<p>In a premium low pressure true UV bulb, the actual UV-C emission of the bulb is about 35%. If you have a 30 watt UV bulb, it will emit 10.5 watts of germicidal UV-C.<br>
<i><b>Nail curing UV Bulbs</b></i>, are commonly sold on Amazon & eBay for aquarium pond use at a lower cost (generally for retails prices of $5 to $15). <br>
These are usually medium pressure UV bulb with a <b><i>low 7-10% output</i></b> of useful UV-C irradiation. These lamps have a wholesale cost of only a few $ for the smallest ones.<br>
What buyers should also be aware of is how many hours the lamp/bulb is rated to last as true HO low pressure UV lamps burn themselves up quickly with only 4000 hours at peak performance. So if the lamp advertises 8000-10,000 hours--- AVOID IT!</p>
<p><b><i>The fact remains,</i></b> that a true High Output "low pressure mercury" UV lamp/bulb has a distributor cost of at least $10 for even the smallest/cheapest of lamps, so if it is selling for this cost you know you are NOT get what you need to best run your UV Sterilizer or even Clarifier</p>
<p>As well the <b>Halogen UV bulbs</b> sold in some mini UV Sterilizers also have little of the peak UVC irradiation, more in the UVB range (these too are sold at discounters such as Amazon, not quality professional UV Sterilizer sellers). A good example of a UV Clarifier sold with these UV lamps is the Cobalt Aquatics Micro-UV which besides using the lower output Halogen UV lamp/bulb, it has very poor dwell time.</p>
<p>Both of these types of these low cost UV bulbs are <b>marginal</b> for clarification at best, certainly <b>NOT</b> level one or higher UV Sterilization unless used at very high wattages per water flow!! When combined with the lower dwell time that most of these Sterilizers that utilize these medium pressure lamps have (generally compact UVs), you are looking 1/4 the killing/sterilization/clarification power!!<br>
An example would be comparing a TMC Vecton 15 Watt to a Jebaeo 55 watt that is commonly supplied with medium pressure UV lamps/bulbs (15 x 4 = 60). </p>
<p><a href="http://disney.com/" target="_blank" title="Walt Disney Corporation"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_oP1EdSSMJ2DCPbK7WzMAdZ1YbHTpXsdDgqzibx3dgyOpwqU99i8iwq65N-7Mar7CDlJejivQJ-SPvVMU_CNLvh3Zu5e5M8Dxbjxmq7Mdpy9rssTB70Yqft3VxaA5hUBAuiDq/s450/medium+pressure+bulbs.jpg" alt="Actual UV Output in Lamps purchased from Amazon"></a></p>
<p><i><b>As an example</b></i>, if you have a 9 Watt UV Sterilizer (such as the Turbo Twist), and when the bulb is due for replacement you utilize one of the low cost medium pressure UV Bulbs, you will be getting 1/4 to 1/3 the output of a premium low pressure bulb.<be>
So if you have a flow rate of 200 gallons per hour on your say 50 gallon aquarium as would be a flow rate for low pressure UV Bulb, then switch to the low cost medium pressure UV Bulb, you would need a flow rate of 80 gph just to maintain Level One UV Sterilization.<br>
<font color="ff0000"><i>The bottom line is to not be tempted by the low prices of the nail curing medium pressure UV Bulbs that many retailers either unknowingly or knowingly incorrectly market for pond or aquarium UV Sterilizer use!</i></font></p>
<p>Please Reference:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#basic_factors" target="_Blank">UV Sterilization; Basic Factors</a></p>
<p>Recommended Professional Source for Premium Low Pressure UV Bulbs:<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">American Aquarium PREMIUM Low Pressure UV Bulbs; Compact Style</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank">American Aquarium PREMIUM Low Pressure UV Bulbs; Straight Tube Style (for Aqua Ultraviolet, TMC, more)</a></p>
<p>Normally, the actual emission of a UV bulb is something you will not need to worry about, but what you do what to make sure is you are getting a large enough sterilizer for the water quantity you are looking to sterilization. <br>
Company’s that know what they are talking about will publish this information or keep it in mind, when giving recommendation.<br>
If you are not sure, make sure to look for what kind of bulb/lamp the sterilizer has and how much UV-C you are actually getting. </p><br>
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-73315309735999832502013-01-31T10:32:00.000-08:002018-12-25T11:18:03.939-08:0018 Watt UV Bulb Review, for Turbo Twist 6X, more<script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/01/18-watt-uv-bulb-for-turbo-twist-6x-more.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Updated 2-23-16<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#18wattg11" title="18 Watt UV Bulb, Lamp"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjpsYnooA44vOSeRuj_p7ZOJlOKlUCDa6ga-a50NtHSnzLtA7PndoyIeqIOM8CRyx_N5-XkaKF7WbMbT03LjpAxSEgrsUKgcepnfyDUIXMvbXeO4Vhejha_oQLglSvlm3uG3bk/s1600/18wattg11B.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="18 Watt UV Bulb for aquarium or pond review"></a>I have already published articles/reviews earlier with the 9 Watt UV Bulbs and 13 Watt UV Bulbs commonly sold as replacements; either as not true hot cathode/low pressure lamps in the case of many 9 Watt lamps or with the incorrect base for many applications as in the 13 watt GX23 versus the 13 Watt G23.<br />
In this review/article I will now look at another common UV Bulb that like the 9 watt in particular is often not what it seems; the 18 Watt G11 UV Replacement Bulb!!
<br /><br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/11/9-watt-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilizer Review, 9 Watt UV Replacement Bulbs">9 Watt UV Bulb Review</a><br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/07/13-watt-uv-bulb-lamps.html" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilizer Review, 13 Watt UV Replacement Bulbs">13 Watt UV Bulb Review</a><br /><br />
In a market driven by price and "free shipping" the only way to deliver a so-called UV bulb at the prices offered is to sell the "medium pressure UV Bulb" as an implied "Hot Cathode, Low Pressure UV-C Bulb/Lamp", which NONE sold at prices much under $15 can be (especially when shipping is calculated in).<br />
The cold hard facts are, NO business can exist selling a TRUE hot cathode, low pressure UV-C Bulb that has a cost of $13 OR MORE (out the door to the vendor) for this same price with shipping included!!
Even at a retail price of $16- $20, a business would have to operate at a very low overhead and profit margin.<br /><br />
As well, although often difficult to find, the some 18 Watt G11 UV Replacement Bulbs use patented methods to lower operating temperature which increases the efficiency and UVC output.<br />
Such as:
<ul><li>Patented Metal Heat Reducing Technology</li>
<li>Norman lamps super high efficiency HO/low heat UV Bulbs.</li></ul><br />
<b>The patented heat reducing technology used by AAP/Norman UV Lamps help with these aspects of the UV Bulb:</b><br />
<ul><li>Lower operating temperatures which in turn increases energy directed as UVC (which is why you have a UV light in the first place). This 5° C difference increases efficiency about 5% or more, adding to the 75% improvement of these low pressure UV lamps over common lower cost medium pressure UV lamps/bulbs sold at online discounters and home improvement warehouses. </li>
<li>Longer Life and higher output over the life of the lamp.</li>
<li>Easier starts, which new hot cathode UV lamps are often difficult to start initially.</li></ul><br />
Please read these articles as to why only a low pressure, hot cathode bulb should EVER be used in your Aquarium UV Sterilizer, Pond UV Sterilizer/Clarifier, or Air UVC Purifier:<br /><br />
<ul><li><a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank"><b>Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond </b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html" target="_blank" title="Hot Cathode vs. Cold Cathode UV Bulb; Are Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs worth purchasing? "><b>254 nm Hot Cathode low pressure UV Bulb</b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" target="_blank" title="UVC efficiency of only 7%"><b>UV Lamps, Bulb; How they work</b></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="How an Aquarium or Pond UV-C Sterilizer Works"><b>UV Sterilization; Facts & Information</b></a></ul></li><br />
Simply put; these commonly sold, medium pressure bulbs at 7% germicidal 254nm UVC simply cannot destroy the bacteria or maintain aquatic Redox at any useful/normal flow rate when compared to the high UVC output hot cathode UV-C Replacement Lamps.<br />
Basically these bulbs are only good for clarification and then only at lower flow rates than a low pressure UV Bulb<br /><br />
This is not to say that these higher output are not easy to find, as they can be found, you simply have to be willing to pay a bit more (often with sale prices high quality UV-C Bulbs/Lamps not that much more too).
Several manufacturers/distributors such as American Aquarium Products, Purely, & Phillips all sell ONLY hot cathode, low pressure, Higher Output 254 nm UV Bulbs.<br /><br />
See this link for <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank" title="">High Quality UV-C Bulbs/Lamps</a><br /><br />
<b>See the graph below for a comparison of these two UV Bulbs types</b><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-txB-nJfJBOBnbyePWb6dksNXpD4y47xBwzIP4NMRefVVT0z-esVDmclisE7_fugiiuM1i79OeFvnpdBLxPi4hOqz8_oY0kphxwvbSISSi2EFQpgv-Gn7G40o8J7SXf5N8nlq/s1600/uvlamp-comparison.jpg" alt="18 Watt UV-C Bulb Comparison Review, eBay, Jebao, etc versus quality lamp"></a><br /><br />
As the graph shows, the low pressure UV bulb has its energy spike primarily in the optimum UVC range, however the medium pressure UV light has several spikes, admittedly including some in the optimum range, which is why these bulbs can still get away with calling themselves 254 nm germicidal bulbs, when in reality only small percentage of their energy output is in this important UVC range.<br /><br />
The bottom line is do NOT let Google, eBay, Amazon, etc. guide you to one of these many websites selling these mostly useless medium pressure UV Bulbs that produce little UVC necessary for an effective UV Sterilizer or Purifier.<br />
Spend a little more and purchase a American Aquarium, Purely, or Phillips 18 Watt Bulb, which often still only sell for $16 to $30 online.<br /><br />
American Aquarium Products hot cathode/low pressure 18 Watt is sold near cost as a promotional item and is THE true hot cathode 18 Watt UV Bulb to purchase for both quality & price!!<br />
See:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#18wattg11" target="_blank" title=""><b>18 Watt UV Bulb from American Aquarium</b></a><br /><br />
Please also read this article: <br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" target="_blank" title="UV Lamps, Bulb, How they work, Coatings, more "><b>UV Lamps, Bulbs; How they work, Coatings, more</b></a><br /><br />
<i>Please reference this unique, in depth, & researched article that is IMPERATIVE READING for anyone interested in moving from basic aquarium or pond keeping to more advanced aquarium or pond keeping:</i><br />
<b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiehwjJOFGH1VZR6xIOuYfa2L5I4x-tjQ6_4M8aVcDbyTz4AsdKQGcx6PTc_5yoXXhdLfNoWuvg_ut8baf7hrMZygsHnosGOo8Z2vcu0WSWWVwazAmNL3Lxy8DT4GR6cyGB8VG/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br />Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilization, Correct Sterilizer Use</a></b><br /><br />
By Steven Wright with input from Carl Strohmeyer-PAMR<br><br>
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-22226832852231111872012-12-11T13:36:00.008-08:002023-06-22T11:13:31.434-07:00Turbo Twist, LifeGuard UV Sterilizer Review<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Updated 6/22/2023</p>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNdQyHRJlPtAuZzP7cAa87EW1iYFa82gHYNBcxwoD07PsQApGRBhShPD9gGtfh7FoDE-9RoIFKXIjT7WyqoNRqaUbi0d1qI9c9eoUe8ZDubP8Et3kmN2geJdeJeaaDGvo1JuFr/s1600/Coralife+Turbo-Twist.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxDPiMKTpZ6ZhIU4GlHZC4d4BmJ7DFIQ1jQiUWg2tjjJZn_htACuntfY1zkgjnsQHn3ZjfH5sEz-1NtW3e4smHhkecDjLOks1nK2syxamOxUpaT1I4id9ifVDN2nK-biy9RI5G/s320/Coralife+Turbo-Twist-TN.jpg" align="left" alt="Coralife TurboTwist 3x" hspace="5"></a>The Coralife TurboTwist 3x, 6x, & 12x are very popular compact UV Sterilizer for aquarium or pond use.</p>
<p>Initial results using the Turbo Twist are comparable to other compact UVs that utilize HO UVC lamps (which most no longer utilizer HO lamps), and are usually good from my experience as well as other aquarium maintenance professionals I know.</p>
<p>However is is important to note that <b><i>NO compact UV</i></b> whether the 'Category B' TurboTwist, the slightly better AAP/SunSun Terminator or Tetra, or the lessor 'Category C' Jebo can compare to a high dwell time straight tube UV such as the AAP/TMC Vecton UV (or especially the newer Vecton Titan UV Sterilizer), as well as the 'Category A' Aqua Ultraviolet or Emperor.<br>
The Turbo Twist is simply not even in the same league and to be compared with a Category A UV, in particular the industry leading Vecton Titan is absurd.<br>
Yet even search engines, especially Bing's terrible AI Chat Bot search, continues to make this mistake since many searches utilize social media rather than authoritative, experience based websites such as this one!!</p>
<p>While the Turbo Twist does employ HO UVC lamps as does the now unfortunately discontinued AAP Terminator, unlike the Jebo and other even lower quality Compact UV Sterilizers, but this is still not enough to make up for the poor dwell time compared to better level 1 & 2 capable 'Category A' UVs such as the Vecton (which also employ HO UVC lamps).</p>
<p>For more about UV Sterilizer Categories, please read this article:<br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/sterilization.html#WhatisaQualityUV" target="_blank">Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilizer Use; What is a Quality UV</a></p>
<p>While often promoted and given reasonably good marks in websites such as Amazon, long term and actual results are not as good as often inaccurately stated in these <b><i>NON professional reviews</i></b> displayed on Amazon which are generally based on initial use and clarification only (which is all a 'Category C' UV which have now flooded the market are), NOT level one sterilization or higher!!</p>
<p>One problem that is rarely noted in these Amazon reviews is the fact <b>one of the selling points is also more of a gimmick and that is the baffles.</b><br />
<b><i>These Baffles do NOT maintain a consistent/effective distance</i></b> from the UV lamp/Quartz Sleeve at all times. As well these baffles can trap air which then impedes the optimum flow and sterilization time of these UV Sterilizers. <br>
Sometimes repositioning the Turbo Twist can help with air trapped, but often you simply need to accept this trapped air and lower your flow rate to 20 gph per watt or less just to maintain level 1 sterilization.<br>
Unfortunately many unprofessional YouTube videos further the urban myth of the effectiveness of these baffles, then poor search engines pick up these myths and treat them like facts, resulting in these myths growing even more like a cancer.<br>
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PqPVMrO97k</p>
<p>The other unfortunate problem of the myth of the Turbo Twist being anything other than a most basic UV Clarifier, is that while many will rave about how the Turbo Twist UV initially cleared their cloudy or green aquarium, many persons will also state after using these particular UVs that this is all any UV is good for. <br>
This UV is one that has influenced many a comment by persons I have read or dealt with in emails, etc. with little understanding of aquarium or pond UV Sterilization that all a UV is good for is clarification, but not disease control or improved Redox. The facts are, one cannot purchase this UV and then use it as a model of what a true high dwell time UV can accomplish!!!</p>
<p>References:<br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/sterilization.html" target="_blank">Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilization; Facts & Information</a><br />
<a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/09/uv-sterilizers-truths.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizers Gimmicks; 'Turbo' Twists, Baffles Wipers</a><br /><br />
A couple of problems that often show themselves after 6-12 months are leakage due to poor build and worse a VERY high electronic ballast failure.<br />
See my other review about this problem:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html#ballast" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilizer Problems & Reviews; Ballasts, Turbo Twist, Submersible Pond, Killing Machine UVC Clarifiers"><b>Weak or Poor Quality Ballasts; UV Sterilizer Review</b></a></p>
<p>Another issue no Compact UV can compare on is dwell time.<br>
In a controlled test from:<br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/dwell-time-test.html" target="_blank"><b>A controlled dwell time experiment</b></a><br /><br />
Also Read <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/sterilization.html" title="UV Sterilization, Sterilizer Use" target="_blank"><b>UV Sterilization, Facts & Information</b></a></p>
<p>Here is a quote (courtesy the above website, please read the referenced article for more):<br>
<font color="006600"><i>A controlled experiment between a Terminator 13 Watt UV Sterilizer (which is one of the best if not the best compact UV Sterilizer design as per water contact design) VERSUS a TMC Vecton 8 Watt "High Dwell Time" UV tells the story of UVC Dwell Time:</p>
<p>Using a Rio 600 (200 gph), with 2 feet of 5/8" ID tubing; the dwell time inside the Vecton was 2.6 seconds, while the Terminator was 3 seconds.<br />
It is important to note that the Terminator holds DOUBLE the water volume at 20 oz. water (meaning a less efficient design with more water not within the optimal .3 cm exposure zone) versus 10 oz. of water for the 8 Watt Vecton. Keep in mind that the Terminator is one of the best designed Compact UVs, as it is noteworthy that the Turbo Twist has an even higher water volume due to even less efficient water contact design.<br>
The result is 6.66 ounces of water per second is exposed to UVC irradiation for the 13 Watt Terminator while 3.84 ounces of water per second is exposed to UVC irradiation for the 8 Watt Vecton. MORE IMPORTANTLY the results are 1.95 watts of UVC energy per second for the Terminator 13 watt versus 2.08 watts of UVC energy per second for the 8 Watt Vecton/
</i></font></p>
<p>Now consider that the TurboTwist 3x actually has a flow pattern that has less water within the correct distance of UV Lamp from UV Sterilizer containment 'wall' when compared to the Terminator used in this test.<br>
See: <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/sterilization.html#FactorstoOptimumUV" target="_blank"><b>UV Sterilizer, Basic Factors for Sterilization</b></a></p>
<p>So my question is; WHY spend often as much money for the vastly over-priced TurboTwist with a lower quality Chinese build versus the European designed High Dwell Time TMC Vecton 8 thru 25 Watt??<br>
Now with the advanced Vecton Titan UV available from AAP (American Aquarium Products), there is simply no excuse to purchase a lessor Category B model such as the Turbo Twist.</p>
<p>Based on my use and others, this is a no brainer, especially after one aquarium maintenance friend in particular purchased several Turbo Twist 3x UV Sterilizers and after a a year, he had to replace all of them and he noted that the observed actual sterilization results were much better when replaced with the <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/uvc-sterilizers.html#UVcSterilizers" title="TMC Vecton & Advantage UV Sterilizer">TMC Titan Vecton UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/uvc-sterilizers.html#UVcSterilizers" target="_blank" title="Source for advanced TMC AAP Vecton Titan UV Sterilizer"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7auNmyXhRQp-AVNSZn2RLS3RfQGCmtElybzmHuWGjBpvWo1xOkBcVTLePopGDRmXkYWONqFpMQN5TfryDkoU7mEBP9SPhmFoMT0srrqFpIh0wV1OjDasVRK-yZSyTo4nMUrtMIhEGEQNQfOBmPYgGjSRuVEjiDj8K0z67V3kN_dBQ5lJTfg/s500/850%20Titan%20UV%20by%20TMC.jpeg" alt="TMC AAP Vecton Titan UV Sterilizer"></a></p>
<p>The bottom line is, the Turbo Twist in my experience & research is the most over priced UV Sterilizer on the market for what it can do and its longevity of build (a lifespan of about 1/5 that of a Vecton or Aqua Ultraviolet), so please do not fall for the hype, YouTube Video, misguided forum, or Amazon reviews for what basically should be a $50 or less UV Clarifier.</p>
<p>A resource for these AAP Titan UVs:<br>
*<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/uvc-sterilizers.html#UVcSterilizers" title="" target="_blank"><b>TMC Vecton UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers</b></a></p>
<hr>
<p><b>EDITORIAL</b></p>
<p>There is a newer website that the search engines love (in particular Bing) that claims to be a real science based website that has knocked the TMC Vectons, and worse, the author of many articles on the internet, including on the AAP website of which he was the founder.<br>
This website is aquariumscience.org, which does seem to have some good researched information, but from what I and others can tell, certainly not the practical professional experience of many such as Carl Strohmeyer whom has questioned his motives.<br>
What is sad, as even though much of what Mr. Strohmeyer has been through is not in the public domain, there is enough on the AAP website and his own personal bio sties for anyone who reads this to question his integrity and experience is total BS. Personally I know him quite well, and the facts are this many has given up a considerable amount to help others and his family, so this makes this aquariumscience.org charges all the more disgusting. Throw in the plagiarism of copyright content, and misinformation about the AAP/TMC UVs and his attacks on Mr. Strohmeyer's work into Redox, which came only as to considerable professional experience demanded a different answer to the results he was getting than the standard scientific fare of the day, and my opinion is to please avoid this website.</p>
<p>The facts are that the TMC line of UV Sterilizers are by far NOT the most expensive (this honor goes to the Aqua Ultraviolet line, which are good, but when everything is factored in, not as good as the AAP?TMC line). <br>
What people in the industry with hands on experience know (not social media influencers), is that not only does this line of UV Sterilizer perform better, but just as importantly, lasts well over a decade with easily availability of parts, unlike the vast majority of UVs that might be 1/3 the price, but only last 1/5 the time producing 50% of the results (based on REAL experience, which it is clear that aquariumscience.org has NEVER even used a single one of these UVs).</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZhiTPJwHhY5Gv9RLczXuPkK5PfPpKszPDEIUM3Wk95YlVAJpm5MCvnbRCdgS0G-YLLaN_6NY14QIiJEqC62vP4rTdvqB4K_uPsPSzM6x657ELFiJlekYE9sNDQqM_MlOC9Wni/s1600/Lifegard+Aquatics+15+Watt+UV+Sterilizer.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT2bMRFSn31zjfmKmKIN6eKSlQ5jLWYJlLkJ6QVXTMbod1Cj6Z5iMVdgrUNqjKTdqKqZkrSI90DXVUX490bQ3ZJCAWVw7PjOLVSQ-WaIN5EggfmMS2xFDh9oeDo75RFC-3l3q2/s320/Lifegard+Aquatics+15+Watt+UV+Sterilizer-TN.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="CLifeGuard 15 Watt UV Sterilizer"></a>
<b>The 'Category B' LifeGuard 15 Watt</b> is an example of another somewhat lessor known UV Sterilizer.<br>
I have used these UV Sterilizers going back to 1978.</p>
<p>The build quality is good (comparable to the TMC UV Sterilizer), as well the dwell time is very good, however the flow pattern is not as good as the TMC Vecton & Advantage, or the Emperor and Aqua UV.<br>
I also have found these UVs somewhat over priced for what you get, although the price has come down to be more comparable to the slightly more superior TMC Vecton 15 Watt.</p>
<p>My summary of the Lifeguard is while it is still inferior to the TMC, Aqua, & Emperor; it is still an excellent UV Sterilizer and far superior to the Turbo Twist and other Compact UVs.</p><br>
By Steve
copyright 2023
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-26276541691207532532012-11-01T17:09:00.000-07:002018-12-25T11:25:25.156-08:009 Watt UV Bulb; Aquarium & Pond Germicidal, Review <script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/11/9-watt-uv-bulb.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Updated 12-25-18<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#9wattg23" title="9 Watt UV Bulb"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqcpKIa8pqxvuoVKN1ga9_OhZiuPT-fCuIDZtkI6_wba_d3vVqMABChzmKI24jov1mbhCqLUN516rGCPzmEoVXzqY8OI8aiF6hXAXHzLtWUCBdl5NYluBlaY78fhphEACvx4ei/s1600/9wattuv4.jpg" align="left" hspace="5"></a>What's in a UVC Replacement Bulb?<br /><br />
If you have followed this blog/website for some time, you would know that ONLY a 254 nm HOT CATHODE LOW PRESSURE UV Bulb should EVER be used in your Aquarium UV Sterilizer, Pond UV Sterilizer/Clarifier, or Air UVC Purifier.<br /><br />
References:<br />
*<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html" target="_blank">Hot Cathode vs. Cold Cathode UV Bulb; Are these worth purchasing?</a><br />
*<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond </a><br /><br />
This is not to say that these higher output high quality UV Bulbs/Lamps are not easy to find, as they can be found.
<b>But not</b> for prices much under $14-$15 and certainly not for $5.99 as some eBay sellers such as <b><em>"Discount Aquatic"</em></b> who have used ("copy & pasted") without permission information from premium UV bulb seller AAPs web page that implies their UV bulb is the same! <b><em><font size="3">BEWARE,</font></em></b> a close observation shows the UV lamp/bulb these and other sellers is NOT THE SAME! Why spend the money on a UV Sterilizer only to put in a $5.99 blue light bulb??<br /><br />
Several manufacturers such as American Aquarium, Purely, & Phillips all sell ONLY hot cathode, low pressure 254 nm UV Bulbs that are also include the patented heat reducing technology or Norman lamps high efficiency, low heat/HO technology.<br /><br />
Supplier of these bulbs: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">American Aquarium Products; UV Bulbs</a><br /><br />
<font color="ff0000"><i>Please Read the full article to understand the difference between many of the 9 Watt UV Replacement Bulbs sold</i></font><br /><br />
Unfortunately though, MANY if not most of the low cost UV Bulbs sold on eBay (such as the Jebao Brand commonly sold on eBay), Amazon (under the brand 'AnyRay'), Nextag under brand names such as Ocious are NOT these same low pressure, hot cathode UV Bulbs intended for level one UVC Sterilization in pond or aquarium applications, RATHER these are medium pressure UV lamps INTENDED AS NAIL CURING LAMPS with a <b>UV efficiency of only 7%!!</b><br />
I am not necessarily accusing these sellers of fraud, rather most of these sellers find a source for the 'nail curing UV bulbs' and outwardly these look almost the same, but for a lower cost, so they see an opportunity to get a UV bulb for a lower price that they can in turn market at a lower price. Unfortunately most of these sellers would not know the difference between a low pressure UV bulb and a medium pressure UV bulb (again the later is only generally intended as a nail curing UV bulb).<br /><br />
See References:<br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" target="_blank">UV Lamps, Bulb; How they work</a><br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond </a><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_oP1EdSSMJ2DCPbK7WzMAdZ1YbHTpXsdDgqzibx3dgyOpwqU99i8iwq65N-7Mar7CDlJejivQJ-SPvVMU_CNLvh3Zu5e5M8Dxbjxmq7Mdpy9rssTB70Yqft3VxaA5hUBAuiDq/s450/medium+pressure+bulbs.jpg" alt="Actual UV Output in Lamps purchased from Amazon"></a><br /><br />
Quite bluntly these medium pressure nail curing 9 watt UV bulbs at 7% germicidal UVC irradiation simply CANNOT destroy the bacteria or maintain aquatic Redox at any useful/normal flow rate when compared to the high UVC output hot cathode UV-C Bulbs!<br />
A source for these bulbs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">True Level One, Low Pressure UV Bulbs for Aquarium or Pond Use </a><br /><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Q6oKqKnoHcZKINiHuSU7gNokQcLTsEO_vPeAO6Ds3Tuj4j4TULQ38KW0GajDj-j_nC60lhPZ8RQPNiHI-undfKTgkcM7DQFUf5apWoAZsY-u_E2GgiBMSh_8FHfDQEZpuikY/s1600/UV+Bulb+Thermal+Heat+Shield.jpg" title="Premium UV Bulb with Patented Heat Reducing Technology" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPCmERFArdZrZB2PBdWn_Cjj2IBqAduuSQNlBx7-g6O_LrH8xsHIt3GHz1U0PsNzNwU2Lg5vSx3J2O70BCRm7HQbdVn4s2lDicPzncsS0PtSN4lnK_i90shwVvsWARtknFaMN/s320/UV+Bulb+Thermal+Heat+Shield-TN.jpg" align="left" hpasce="5"></a><i><b>Now to the title of this article/review;</i></b><br />
Those purchasing a replacement 9 Watt UV Bulb will find this UV lamp to be one of the most common UV Bulbs sold incorrectly as replacements when in fact many are not for aquarium, pond, purifier use, despite advertising to the contrary!<br /><br />
Many of these are simply are NOT going to do the job.<br />
These cheap 9 Watt UV Bulbs (often sold for under $10) are only useful for nail curing or similar, NOT to attempt to maintain <b>Level 1 Sterilization</b> in your important Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilizer!<br /><br />
Please Reference: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank"><b>Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilization</b></a><br />
A source for good to premium UV Sterilizers: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizer</a>!!<br /><br />
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<i><b>What is also noteworthy</i></b>, although often difficult to find, is some 9 Watt G23UV Replacement Bulbs use patented methods to lower operating temperature which increases the efficiency and UVC output.<br />
Such as:
<ul><li>Patented Heat Reducing Technology</li>
<li>Norman lamps super high efficiency HO/low heat UV Bulbs.</li></ul><br />
<i><b>Put in simple terms this makes for:</i></b><br />
<ul><li>Lower operating temperatures which in turn increases energy directed as UVC (which is why you have a UV light in the first place). This 5° C difference increases efficiency about 5% or more, adding to the 75% improvement of these low pressure UV lamps over common lower cost medium pressure UV lamps/bulbs sold at online discounters and home improvement warehouses. </li>
<li>Longer Life and higher output over the life of the lamp.</li>
<li>Easier starts, which new hot cathode UV lamps are often difficult to start initially.</li></ul><br />
<font size="3"><i>Now look and see if your bargain Amazon, eBay, etc. UV Bulb has this heat reducing technology;<br /> <b>Likely not!</i></b></font><br /><br />
<i><b>THE FACTS ARE;</i></b> the direct wholesale cost in volume purchasing is more than $10 for TRUE Low Pressure, Hot Cathode UVC Replacement Bulb/Lamp, so how is some Vendor going to sell these for much under $14 and pay the eBay seller fees, Amazon Fees, etc. (often offering shipping at below actual cost too), <b><i>and still make a profit??</i></b><br />
Of course the simple answer, which is not rocket science, is THEY CANNOT! This is why it is impossible to get a CORRECT TRUE Low Pressure, Hot Cathode UVC Replacement Bulb/Lamp at the prices offered on many of these websites that advertise on Google, etc.<br /><br />
<b>SEE THE GRAPH BELOW:</b><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-txB-nJfJBOBnbyePWb6dksNXpD4y47xBwzIP4NMRefVVT0z-esVDmclisE7_fugiiuM1i79OeFvnpdBLxPi4hOqz8_oY0kphxwvbSISSi2EFQpgv-Gn7G40o8J7SXf5N8nlq/s1600/uvlamp-comparison.jpg" alt="9 Watt UV-C Bulb Comparison, eBay, Jebao, etc versus quality lamp"></a><br /><br />
Another UV bulb that commonly comes up in search and is sold as less expensive alternative is the 18 Watt UV bulb/Lamp which it too is often a low output medium pressure UV Bulb with less than 7% UVC output.<br />
This is another instance one should be careful of picking the first UV Bulb that comes up in Google search and instead choose a true low pressure hot cathode.<br />
See my article/review for this bulb here: <a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/01/18-watt-uv-bulb-for-turbo-twist-6x-more.html" target="_blank"><b>18 Watt UV Bulb Review</b></a><br />
Or to purchase a true 18 watt uvc bulb; <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#18wattg11" target="_blank">True level one UVC capable 18 Watt UV Bulb</a><br /><br />
Simply put do NOT let Google, Bing, Yahoo guide you to one of these many websites selling these mostly useless UV Bulbs that produce little UVC necessary for an effective UV Sterilizer or Purifier.<br />
Spend a little more and purchase a American Aquarium, Purely, or Phillips 9 Watt Bulb, which often still only sell for $14 to $25 online.<br /><br />
American Aquarium Products hot cathode 9 Watt is sold near cost as a promotional item and is THE true hot cathode, low pressure 9 Watt UV Bulb to purchase for both quality & price!!<br />
See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#9wattg23" target="_blank" title=""><b>9 Watt UV Bulb</b></a><br /><br />
Please also read this article: <br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" target="_blank" title="UV Lamps, Bulb, How they work, Coatings, more "><b>UV Lamps, Bulbs; How they work, Coatings, more</b></a><br /><br />
The bottom line is while you can certainly get a good deal for a good UV-C lamp/bulb, the old axiom still applies "THAT YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR"!!<br /><br />
<b><i>Finally, if you are having issues with your UV Bulb or Ballast or you would like some more information to understand why most 9 Watt UV Bulbs now sold are sub par, PLEASE give the video below a full viewing:</i></b><br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkpDz0eSEy8" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGE1QzqOck3HNoDEZqMEHZ34reCaoLwhpmF5riL-81z-iLlEh12AQ4oxNvCx3fThM2210gUeDKj2GbTyKB4Wn0EcSL1atAiZdsP0EqMKdsIfoJAEcUwr4i_Yznhjkyp7IRRqhs/s320/uvbulbtroubleshootingvid.jpg"><br /><b>UV Bulb Review, Troubleshooting Video</b></a><br /><br />
<i>Please reference this unique, in depth, & researched article that is IMPERATIVE READING for anyone interested in moving from basic aquarium or pond keeping to more advanced aquarium or pond keeping:</i><br />
<b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="Ultraviolet-C Sterilizer Use for advanced fish keepers"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiehwjJOFGH1VZR6xIOuYfa2L5I4x-tjQ6_4M8aVcDbyTz4AsdKQGcx6PTc_5yoXXhdLfNoWuvg_ut8baf7hrMZygsHnosGOo8Z2vcu0WSWWVwazAmNL3Lxy8DT4GR6cyGB8VG/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br />UV-C Sterilization Use; Beginner to Advanced</a></b><br /><br />
If you are looking for the optimum, MOST EFFICIENT LED lighting for your aquarium, look no further than the 5 year warranted AAP AquaRay line of LED lights (beware of a parasite retailer selling out of their home that Google's poor search algorithm brings up), please follow this link if you want the genuine AAP AquaRay:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquaRayLEDLighting.html" target="_blank">AquaRay LED Lighting</a><br><br>
By Steven Wright with input from Carl Strohmeyer-PAMR<br /><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-18791740837255635242012-04-05T13:50:00.009-07:002019-03-02T08:23:05.737-08:00Green Pond Water, UV Clarifier<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/04/green-pond-uv-clarifier.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Revised 3/2/19<br /><br />
<b><i>Green Pond UV Clarifier or Sterilizer Use</i></b><br /><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUdug0stnfuNM7dO2PTdwZSK8wusjpwIrnETIMZnan5huLG5Wth5h6lAPWrTdarrS5uEzOOzes_-Vg1oUGK9-epxqnnzq_uNgQUc946wWY7khRIKdfX715YyQ7JjR_Wgg01-xT/s1600/Green+or+Clear+Pond.jpg" target="_blank" title="Green or Clear Pond"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdPgmXhNd7VqD1gS3ckefBU334Xrp4blp7cVC3aMmPlMzlkqUY6oUqNzF5gOE72EZcji3p6Is1kdxdfY8Lo3l2SVw1gdtf0sHfOlS4Nyx3KQK6J7zWG598d3tGH5_1Grg7sKR/s1600/Green+or+Clear+Pond+2.jpg" alt="Green or Clear Pond"></a></p>
<p>Green or Clear Pond?<br />
The picture above albeit two different ponds demonstrates what is clearly the more desirable pond.<br /><br />
There are many causes and cures to this problem, however the use of a correctly applied UV Sterilizer/Clarifier is the most simple and popular, of which the correct application is the focus of this article.<br /><br />
This includes Placement, Flow, & Turnover among other factors</p>
<p><i>First though, let me briefly explain the causes:</i><br /><br />
Green water is caused by the accumulation of millions of single cell, microscopic spores of green algae suspended in the water. These single cell algae have the ability to turn your originally clear pond into what looks like pea green soup.<br /><br />
The main causative agent to green pond water is the sun. <br />
Sunlight while in itself is necessary and healthy for life (such as Redox), excessive exposure can and will cause algae problems.
The result is what is referred to as an "algae bloom" is when single cell green algae reproduces at a fast rate, as a result of sunlight and nutrients in the water.<br />
Outside of shade by both or either plants or overhead trellises, not much can be done about sunlight (although seasons have a major impact on sunlight since the winter sun does not have nearly the impact of the summer sun, especially in higher latitudes).<br /><br />
Nutrients are the other primary causative agent, which in itself can have many causes from high fish bio load, poor filtration, accumulation of decaying organic matters, etc.<br /><br />
Good and regular maintenance can control decomposition of waste, while adequate filtration, especially a Veggie/Bog Plant Filter can help greatly by reducing nitrates in the water.</p>
<p>Reference this article for further information:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/pond-veggie-filters.html" title="The four basic types of veggie filters and how to install them" target="_blank"><b>Pond Veggie/Bog Plant Filters</b></a><br /><br />
Other methods of Green Pond Water Control are listed here:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PondAlgae.html" title="Pond Green Water and String Algae Control"><b>POND ALGAE CONTROL</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Pond UV Sterilizer, Clarifier"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTXYYBf58DEDBkddY9OwGqYtPjMyvmYB45GWAY28SgvHR1oKtBY-NdDJZTsR8zAaPEX2C2mF3gCYvDuQ23-Q0ko_ChwivTJR5mmjuFuEN5M628Czj7ue20YujPzz8dqUMuqJrd/s320/Advantage+UV-Filter.JPG" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Pond UV Sterilizer, Clarifier for green water"></a><br />
Often many basic methods still fail to control these algae blooms and this is where a UV Sterilizer (as well as UV Clarifiers) comes in.<br />
See this website for good to premium pond TRUE UV Sterilizers: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" target="_blank">Pond & Aquarium UV Sterilizers</a><br /><br />
<i><b>The key is flow, correct wattage as per flow, dwell time, pond turnover, & placement</i></b><br /><br />
<i><b>with flow rate,</i></b> this should be under 50 gallons per hour per watt of UVC for most Compact UVsand as low as 40 gph per watt for many low end Basic UV Clarifiers that utilize poor dwell time and low output medium pressure UV Bulbs. <br />
With higher dwell time "True" UV Sterilizers this rate can be as high as 60-70 gallons per watt of output UV energy (a "True" UV Sterilizer is one that maintains level one UV Sterilization or higher versus the many low end units often sold on eBay, Amazon, etc. that are only capable of basic clarification). <br />
It is noteworthy that generally straight tube designs have a higher dwell time.<br /><br />
Premium Level One UV Sterilizer Resource:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="blank">AAP/TMC Pond UV-C Sterilizer, Clarfifier</a></p>
<p><b><i>Turnover</i></b> is sometimes tricky with pond as although it does not need to be high for Green Water control (Once per 2-3 hours), the shape of the pond and more often, flow patterns may not allow for coverage of the entire pond.<br /><br />
What I mean is unlike most aquariums which tend to have relatively even circulation; many ponds may have one zone that has good circulation and another that does not.<br />
The result is an area of the pond with poor circulation, along with sunlight and nutrients resulting in these green water producing algae spores.<br />
Please also reference this UV Sterilization article section dealing with flow rate and turnover:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#flowtable" target="_blank">Pond Green Water Flow Rate Table</a><br /><br />
You can test this with dyes or even relatively harmless aquatic products such as Methylene Blue<br />
For more Kordon Products such as Methylene Blue please see:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/FritzMardelKordon.html#methylene" target="_blank">Kordon Methylene Blue from AAP</a><br /><br />
The solution, especially of you have a pond shape with more than one interconnected pond, is separate pumps/filters with separate UV Sterilizers.<br />
As well, the use of Veggie/Bog filter as mentioned earlier (especially in areas of constriction) can lower nutrients so that the UV Sterilizer does not work as hard.<br />
I would add that even with ponds in more formal rectangle or similar shape, separate flow patterns may still yield best results.<br /><br />
If one UV (with proper flow/dwell time) is not sufficient, adding another immediately in-line can improve results.
However I will still state from my experience two separate UVs will often yield better results than two in-line.<br /><br />
An example would be the use of one 30 Watt AAP/TMC PRO UV Pond Clarifier (which is one of the best if not the best) for a pond up to 7000 gallons run with a flow rate of 2100 gph. This is clearly at the edge of this UVs operation envelope and although it make work well with optimum conditions (including a Veggie Filter), under other conditions such as high bio loads and considerable direct sunlight the addition of a second UV either in parallel on another pump (recommended) or inline on the same pump.<br /><br />
Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#30watttmc" target="_blank"><b>30 Watt AAP/TMC PRO Pond UV Clarifiers</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#110watttmc" target="_blank" title="TMC 110 Watt Professional Large Pond UV Sterilizer"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXUYGEnfrsCQM57GqGhlk3gu1yRtTfGR3D18VrAi6P8MfDxIqi8I8OOub_SCXoOzww7mLkx2AR-WtsiBpdgNro7DUFolsUPHCbypg76utkhLqv_-rgIrxoyv-oO9T9VWOMEMrT/s200/110wattpondclearprosterilizer.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="TMC 110 Watt Professional Large Pond UV Sterilizer & clarifier for green water"></a>Another idea for larger ponds in particular, is the use of large professional hard plumbed UV Sterilizer where by the water is split to different locations after passing through the UV Sterilizer to provide more even circulation.<br />
Of course a large UV Sterilizer can also be used on multiple lines for exceptionally large pond or ponds that have high sun exposure with marginal bio filtration (although I still recommend a Veggie/Bog filter for any pond, no matter how large, as a UV Sterilizer should not be your only algae/green water control tool).<br /><br />
Easily the most exceptional high capacity professional UV Sterilizer for "hard plumbing" into one's pond is the TMC 110 Watt Professional Large Pond UV Sterilizer. Quite bluntly in my 35 years of professional pond design and maintenance, I have never found a more efficient UV sterilizer AT ANY PRICE (often I have spent much more for lesser results).<br />
Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#110watttmc" target="_blank"><b>TMC 110 Watt Professional Large Pond/Aquarium UV Sterilizer/Clarifier</b></a></p>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/EqHfYl2JFog" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6co14yPca-s5j1wAbHzvCtB1ladj1LGA1HQHe6cw_Vv6SHivos7YPbtQ541SYFLaNLuj183rNKC7UhgEYpI7yibNq5q1NziSSOgsopPmQTBrHrfYQpQcoXNlh1SyBMUbOr-6k/s320/Aqua+vs+TMC+Video.JPG" alt="Aqua UV versus TMC UV Sterilizer"><br><b>VIDEO: Aqua Pond UV vs TMC AAP Pond UV Clarifier Sterilizer</b></a><br>
<i>A comparison of the two top large pond/aquarium-system UV Sterilizers and why the AAP/TMC comes out as the best when price and dwell time is considered</i></p>
<b><i>Placement:</b></i><br />
This is important too, you first want to remove as many dissolved waste particulates from the water as possible as these can and do block UVC irradiation, making your UV Sterilizer less effective.<br /><br />
See/Reference: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#transmittance" target="_blank">UV Transmittance; Other Factors Affecting UVC Sterilization
Pre-Filtration & Turbidity</a><br /><br />
This is done by pre-filtering the water prior to entering into the UV Sterilizer, even if by just small sponge filter, gravel rock filter, etc.<br />
Adding highly porous volcanic rock around a pump, even if it already has a sponge pre-filter can GREATLY help in pre-filtration of your pond water prior to entering the UV Sterilizer. This not only allows for a more effective UV Sterilizer, but also iads in keeping your pump from clogging with debris or the pre-filter sponge from clogging quickly<br /><br />
Product Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Volcanicrock.html" target="_blank">Volcanic Rock for Pond or Aquarium</a></p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMY60TYt1C4IOYBAGPRVWpelYJUAIvONykbfZhYb8gBJpF4PHE22PtYtqs_l8eBy9GivxUhvGtr-Tl7QEXQhtvqPZgSGkSlqwpiigpNcRS16Ik2Xr8Su6pmeXLY-1CyKG7Jt33/s1600/pond+uv+circulation.jp" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMY60TYt1C4IOYBAGPRVWpelYJUAIvONykbfZhYb8gBJpF4PHE22PtYtqs_l8eBy9GivxUhvGtr-Tl7QEXQhtvqPZgSGkSlqwpiigpNcRS16Ik2Xr8Su6pmeXLY-1CyKG7Jt33/s300/pond+uv+circulation.jp" alt="Pond UV Circulation" hspace="5" alt="Pond Filter and UV Clarifier, Sterilizer placement for Green water control"></a><br /><br />
Another essential of placement is to make sure that the pickup of the water to the UV is not close to the return, so as to provide as best of over all circulation as possible.<br /><br />
One can also install two (or more) smaller "loops of water" with multiple UV Sterilizers for better circulation with larger or irregular shaped ponds.<br /><br />
See also:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html#uv_sterilizer" target="_blank"><b>Pond Care Information; UV Sterilizer Use</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Tropic Marine Center Professional UV Sterilizers, Pond Clarifier"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiimm0TBRdBeBYvCU_lCsn9tIo9FXHRRSZRjjngxRpyW9ZbXD4dBoZ0TlGdjGpRXxP4eKwPafwZ5qvf3TuySSm5VSE1Rn6KrcX8LSTEKBctH6lUWjkkg3DjOpUW4T0Wwh4OaSD1/s200/Pond+Advantage+36months.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" title="Tropic Marine Center Professional UV Sterilizers, Pond Clarifier for green water"></a> Finally as per choosing a UV sterilizer, I will admit my bias, if it was/is not already apparent, and that is for the <b>TMC Advantage professional line of UV Sterilizers</b>.<br /><br />
I have been in the business of professionally maintaining ponds and aquariums since 1978, specializing in <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilization, Facts & Information"><b>UV-C Sterilization</b></a>.<br />
I have tested and used most every brand and type of UV Sterilizer, I have even built my own from scratch. As well I have used and tested many brands of UV Bulbs for these units from cold cathode to superior Hot Cathode UV Bulbs, finding these albeit more difficult to light due to requirement of a peak voltage ballast, but vastly higher UVC output resulting in better sterilization and clarification (95% for the hot cathode versus 25% UVC output for the cold cathode).<br /><br />
See these web pages for recommended resources based on my professional UV Sterilizer design and use experience dating back to 1978:
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank"><b>Premium Hot Cathode UV Bulbs</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>AAP/TMC Advantage professional line of Pond UV Sterilizers</b></a></p>
<p>My point is I have found the construction of the TMC Advantage UVs very solid and durable with flow/dwell time patterns <i>second to none</i> including often higher priced Aqua, Emperor, and Laguna UVs.<br />
Just as importantly, when replacement parts are needed, TMC makes most all part easily available and reasonably priced; which I cannot say is the same for most other popular UVs.<br />
When compared to the Tetra, another higher priced UV, the Advantage has a vastly superior flow design and dwell time (no compact UV such as the Tetra can compete with a straight tube for dwell time based on real world tests)<br /><br />
For more on Dwell time, please reference:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizerDwellTime.html" title="UV Sterilization" target="_blank">UV Dwell Time Test</a><br /><br />
Then there are all the submersible UV's such as the AquaTop that while I have used them, with some success; these ultra low cost UV's simply do not hold up long term in a harsh pond environment and eventually fail. As well these UV's often cannot clear green water unless conditions are otherwise optimum.<br /><br />
<i><b>In summary when choosing a true level 1 capable UV Sterilizer over a low cost UV Clarifier,</i></b> one might ask why bother spend the extra when all that is desired is clarification??<br /><br />
The answer is simple; a True level 1 capable UV can clear water at much higher flow rates, much more quickly sometimes in hours where as a UV Clarifier will often require days for the exact same pond!!<br />
As well, the level one capable UV will improve Redox, which improves fish & pond health, and aid in disease prevention; something a UV Clarifier CANNOT perform.<br />
Finally, many true UV Sterilizers are simply better built, which means you will likely get many years of service versus just one or two which is common to many of the lower quality UV clarifiers, including some of the more over rated models such as the Turbo Twist.<br />
Reference: <a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/12/turbo-twist-lifeguard-uv-sterilizer.html">Turbo Twist UV Review</a></p>
<p><b><i>Resources, Recommended Reading:</i></b></p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdqXSal6PediXJgZqZtggzPjm-oqNbJRzLLdO32sFbHnFTeOEYh0Q95umi5-xdWB-xehwXJy_5XQz4bB96e6P86J7yLwEaM0ZSvvvQMR0xVR-pm4c4Ymn97wn6_pOgyzH16f8L/s320/clearpondlogo-tn.jpg"><br /><b>POND CARE INFORMATION; Complete Steps</b></a><br /><br />
<i>Please reference this very in depth & researched article that is an IMPORTANT READ for anyone interested in moving from basic pond keeping to more advanced pond keeping:</i><br />
<b><a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="Ultraviolet-C Sterilization for advanced pond keepers"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiehwjJOFGH1VZR6xIOuYfa2L5I4x-tjQ6_4M8aVcDbyTz4AsdKQGcx6PTc_5yoXXhdLfNoWuvg_ut8baf7hrMZygsHnosGOo8Z2vcu0WSWWVwazAmNL3Lxy8DT4GR6cyGB8VG/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br />Pond UV Sterilizer Use Beginner to Advanced</a></b></p><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-45405047469103461562011-10-17T14:15:00.000-07:002019-03-02T14:59:49.169-08:00Electronic UV Sterilizer Ballasts; Lamp Problems<div id="fb-root"></div><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/10/electonic-uv-sterilizer-ballasts-lamp.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Updated 3-2-19<br /><br />
<p>While I have considerable experience using ballasts, both Magnetic and Electronic in Ultraviolet Sterilizer as well as aquarium lighting, I am NOT an expert in the exact workings of a ballast, so my explanations are based on my experience in use, research, and consulting with others in the profession.<br />
Hopefully my explanations will be helpful in understanding.<br /><br />
<b><i>A Little about Electronic Ballasts:</i></b></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/insidesho.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjncSr8E86nT_K5KaDsXDzB5K4N36rBhmrL5gKO3Yp3UT0xgKMulDRJNRzNM0zNuLGe3ZK-CLh3ivz1x0kCOArdRm-kMgf_GmBEQPNq9ur5g8D9S3cGD0zb0PMXieBwa8SUn5An/s320/Inside+SHO-TN.jpg" alt="Electronic Lamp Ballast Component Cut Away, UV Sterilizer Ballasts Problems" hspace="5" align="left"></a> Electronic ballasts contain semiconductors and other electronic components. <br />
Electronic ballasts are similar to the switching power supplies you find in computers, creating a 'chopped' electrical current with up to 50,000 pulses of electricity supplied to the lamp with the inductor along with the capacitor smoothing out the voltage or current.<br /><br />
The incoming 50/60 Hz power (115 or 230 volts) is converted to high-frequency AC. This leads to a constant gas discharge compared to conventional ballasts and prevents cathode flicker.<br /><br />
Unlike a magnetic ballast that uses a starter to provide the correct "surge" voltage to light the lamp/bulb, the electronic ballast utilizes this electronic circuitry to provide the correct "surge" voltage to light the lamp/bulb, generally over 350 volts (and often MUCH more for some lamps).<br /><br />
<font color="ff0000"><i>What is noteworthy</i></font> is that the same Electronic (or Magnetic) Ballast that can fire an 18 watt True Hot Cathode UV-C Bulb can fire, an 18 Watt Cold Cathode UV bulb, or often a 15 watt T5 cool white bulb/lamp (I am using an 18 watt as an example).<br />
The difference is that high output lamps such as a Hot Cathode low pressure "TRUE" UV-C Bulb requires a higher "surge" voltage to remain consistent to light the UV-C Bulb unlike a cold cathode or an older, mostly 'expired' UVC bulb.<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank" title="UV Bulbs, Replacement Lamps">"True" UV Bulb Replacements, from American Aquarium</a><br /><br />
As a lamp ages or in case of cold cathode lamps it requires less of this "surge" voltage to 'light', so a degraded ballast may continue to work for these lamps, BUT NOT for a new hot cathode lamp.<br /><br />
<font color="ff0000"><i>What is also noteworthy</i></font> is that a ballast that is designed to run on 220V will fire the same lamp as a ballast designed to run on 110V or vice versa. What this means, as an example a 9 Watt UVC Bulb can run on a ballast designed for a 9 Watt lamp/bulb whether it is 110V or 220V.<br />
Here is a very blunt quote from Norman Lamps (an International Supplier of Lamps, Lights, UVC Bulbs, etc.) when the question of separate lamps for 110V or 220V are required:<br /><font color="006600"><i>"Ballast operates the bulb. Therefore, the question relates to the ballast only."</i></font><br /><br />
<i><b>Another source of confusion is this often found inscription on many compact UV sockets:</i></b><br />
<font color="006600"><i>"75w 250v"</i></font><br />
All this simply means is the socket can accommodate up to a 75 Watt lamp and up to 250 volts, which as per voltage I have already pointed out the fallacy of thinking that a UV bulb/lamp cannot run on both 110/120V systems and 220/240V systems.<br /><br />
<b><i>If you are having issues with your UV Bulb or Ballast, please give the video below a full viewing:</i></b><br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkpDz0eSEy8" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGE1QzqOck3HNoDEZqMEHZ34reCaoLwhpmF5riL-81z-iLlEh12AQ4oxNvCx3fThM2210gUeDKj2GbTyKB4Wn0EcSL1atAiZdsP0EqMKdsIfoJAEcUwr4i_Yznhjkyp7IRRqhs/s320/uvbulbtroubleshootingvid.jpg"><br /><b>UV Bulb Review and Troubleshooting Video</b></a></p>
<p>Also please read this excellent article for even more help with blown UV bulbs and more:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVBulbTroubleShooting.html" target="_blank"><b>UV Bulb, Sterilizer Troubleshooting</b></a></p>
<p><b><i>Why Electronic Ballasts</i></b><br />
<ul><li>Electronic ballasts are more efficient than magnetic ballasts in converting input power to the proper lamp power. The operation of UV-lamps at higher frequencies reduce end losses, resulting in an overall lamp-ballast system efficiency increase of 15% to 20%.</li><br />
<li>Electronic ballasts are directly interchangeable with magnetic ballasts. They operate with most UV-lamps available and have a much wider range of lamp wattages they can light.</li><br />
<li>Electronic ballasts have a further advantage in that they are virtually silent. They do not produce that low frequency "hum" produced by magnetic ballast fixture.</li><br />
<li>Electronic Ballasts are more compact and light.</li></ul><br />
<b>HOWEVER Electronic Ballasts</b> have their failings, this includes poor heat sinks that allow over heating of electronic components over time with the end result being over voltages or under voltages that cannot light new lamps (while often lighting older lamps) or literally 'blowing' lamps due to over voltages.<br />
Poor quality electronic components are a common problem especially with low end brands such as Jebo.<br /><br />
Moisture/Humidity is another factor that is damaging to electronic ballasts, again especially poor made electronic ballasts where the components are more susceptible to moisture and humidity.<br /><br /><br />
<b><i>UV-C Bulb Implications:</i></b><br /><br />
A lack of understanding about even the most basic fundamentals of how an electronic ballast works has resulted in many rude phone calls and emails to my colleagues and I.<br />
As I note in this other blog post:<br />
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html#ballast" target="_blank"><b>UV Sterilizer Problems: Weak or Poor Quality Ballasts</b></a><br /><br />
The most common reason for <b>True UV-C Bulb</b> failure is NOT the lamp/bulb, rather it <b><i>IS the ballast</i></b>.<br />
As I noted earlier in this post/article, many ballasts are of poor design such as poorly designed heat sinks (often weak solders too), that can cause failure of the electronic circuitry that controls the correct "surge" voltage to light the lamp/bulb.<br />
This results in a new <b>Hot Cathode UV-C bulb</b> not being able to fire while an older Hot Cathode UV-C Bulb OR an easy start cold cathode UV bulb (which is not a full UVC bulb) still often firing.<br /><br />
What is also noteworthy for any reader wondering why not then use a cold cathode UV light bulb, is that these bulbs only produce 7% necessary UVC lighting energy for actual UV Sterilization. Compare this to the 38% UV-C at 254nm that a hot cathode UV Bulb.<br />
Obviously a UV Sterilizer run with a cold cathode UV bulb which is becoming more common with eBay, Amazon and other discount websites selling low output UV Bulbs is basically turning your UV Sterilizer into a pretty blue light machine that does NO level 1 Sterilization.<br /><br />
See: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html"target="_blank" title="Hot Cathode vs. Cold Cathode UV Bulb; Are Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs worth purchasing? UV-C Lamp Problems "><b>More about Hot Cathode and Cold Cathode UV Bulb</b></a><br /><br />
Moisture or humidity damage can also result in UV-C Lamp failure, often resulting in blown bulbs (which again results in miss-placed blame by many who do not understand how or what the electronic ballast performs. <br /><br />
Moisture/humidity damage is generally the enemy of any UV Sterilizer used near a pond or aquarium, but good care of protecting the unit from any direct or even indirect moisture can go a long ways in ballast lifespan (this includes UV Sterilizers/ Clarifiers designed for outdoor pond use).<br /><br />
Poor component design is much more difficult to prevent damage other than keep your electronic ballast in cool well ventilated location (which is often difficult for ballasts that are built into a UV Sterilizer such as the Pondmaster UV). <br />
However even UV Sterilizers with separate electronic ballasts can have these issues, with the Coralife Turbo Twist suffering from early electronic ballast failure (based on my use and other colleagues experience), with their 18 watt model seeming to bear the brunt of these problems.<br /><br />
<i><b>Should you ballast fail to light</i></b> your new UV-C Bulb or "blow" an existing lamp/bulb, replacement is often expensive or even impossible for many UV Sterilizers. However as noted earlier, a ballast is a ballast and you can replace your existing electronic ballast with that of one made for another UV unit of the same or very close wattage.<br />
Also if you are of reasonable DIY skills, a magnetic ballast (along with a starter) can often be purchased at local hardware stores and swapped out (this may take a bit of time though).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="TMC Professional UV Sterilizer, Clarifier"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cE8qtEYOgZzZ-6wH-t9T2mu820O8sc_1RaAwuRMI306igJiKa-gudqsl8qn-FNfIHOKC_YKiffq33QQXK4LE-pY4xS5QfOMoq8ZfoSLJiWBL87nXV77CrMtQZcYB9ZOQ_my6/s1600/tmcuv2tn3.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Electronic UV Sterilizer Ballasts Lamp Problems, TMC Sterilizers"></a>Sometimes it is more simple & economical (especially when one considers the value of their time) to replace your tired UV Sterilizer with a new model; in this case I strongly urge readers to consider the <b>TMC Line of UV Sterilizers</b> (out of Europe) which are very well built and yet reasonably priced often less than some other so-called name brands and clearly superior in performance and durability over most available UV Sterilizers at any price.<br /><br />
North American Product Reference:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">TMC Professional UV Sterilizers, Clarifiers, Advantage, Vecton; @ American Aquarium</a></p>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/EqHfYl2JFog" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6co14yPca-s5j1wAbHzvCtB1ladj1LGA1HQHe6cw_Vv6SHivos7YPbtQ541SYFLaNLuj183rNKC7UhgEYpI7yibNq5q1NziSSOgsopPmQTBrHrfYQpQcoXNlh1SyBMUbOr-6k/s320/Aqua+vs+TMC+Video.JPG" alt="Aqua UV versus TMC UV Sterilizer"><br><b>VIDEO: Aqua Pond UV vs TMC AAP Pond UV Clarifier Sterilizer</b></a><br>
<i>A comparison of the two top large pond/aquarium-system UV Sterilizers and why the AAP/TMC comes out as the best when price and dwell time is considered</i></p>
<p><i>Please reference this very in depth & researched article that is an IMPORTANT READ for anyone interested in moving from basic aquarium or pond keeping to more advanced aquarium or pond keeping:</i><br />
<b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="Ultraviolet-C Sterilization for advanced fish keepers"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiehwjJOFGH1VZR6xIOuYfa2L5I4x-tjQ6_4M8aVcDbyTz4AsdKQGcx6PTc_5yoXXhdLfNoWuvg_ut8baf7hrMZygsHnosGOo8Z2vcu0WSWWVwazAmNL3Lxy8DT4GR6cyGB8VG/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg" alt="Best Aquarium, Pond UV Sterilizer Information"><br />UV-C Sterilizer Use; Beginner to Advanced</a></b><br /><br />
Related Information of Interest to Readers:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/sponge_filtration.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmNnewR8yqbrC1guGvH3X6ARHm05xBEpH33FpbXJrDotxaVM8uq6r5e-Yj92e7lTDb3-WVdLll_Ysix7ohQEW3t0SJzPsWMmLQRr4FGQfYjbIQNvd-uMnPj1u7zbmsxlgd95_L/s320/spongefiltrationnewtn.jpg" alt="Aquarium Sponge Filter Use, Help, Information"><br>Aquarium Sponge Filter Use, Help, Information</a></p><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-73209841884162147762011-07-13T12:34:00.001-07:002019-01-02T11:36:45.219-08:0013 Watt UV Bulb; Replacement Lamp G23 or GX23<b>Incorrect 13 Watt UV Bulb Replacement Recommendations</b><br /><br />
<script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/07/13-watt-uv-bulb-lamps.html" show_faces="true" width="450" font=""></fb:like><br /><br />
This is a shorter post than many here at <i>UV Sterilizer Reviews</i>, so although the content is short, the reason for writing this review is the copious amounts of incorrect information here on the internet about the correct 13 Watt Compact UV Bulbs to use for many Aquarium and Pond UV-C devices.<br /><br />
Sadly many websites or UV Bulb Guides are <b><i>incorrectly</i></b> recommending the GX23 UV Replacement Bulb (such as the Purely PUVX213) for these UV Sterilizers:<br /><br />
<ul><li><b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="">Via Aqua Compact UV Sterilizers</a><br /></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="">AquaTop Internal UV Sterilizers</a><br /></li>
<li>Submariner 13 Watt UV Sterilizer</b></ul></li><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ0089YtSyPMOja95wr1V9T1PAJE9_4PO_ckAlDspzjN5EDC_wMTkch4iba3onF-WSCmXsWUifOnWMcNp1AF4_wiCelkKZiucV597xeSwT2NrDYiZwtvxkn4u0DnSkq_DdIrx9/s320/GX23+Base.jpg" alt="GX 2 Clip UV bulb Base,PUVX213" align="left" hspace="5"></a> The GX style UV Bulb has a two clip base (see the picture to the left)<br />
This GX base will not fit these before mentioned UV Sterilizers without modifications that may damage either your UV Lamp or UV Sterilizer (or both)<br /><br /><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipRWWDyf2-o9zhSRnnwD7lzZ50qbG5OiER5nfiDXlxpaFTm-spqqub-LiAWTZf9aPTnAMvrYPeHZIud2Ffd9gk7tKL0tsjYEpdQK5xJsMrb2TerJTuwrVd3AlaXZkfRQs0m_ZI/s320/G23+Base.jpg" alt="G23 1 Clip UV bulb Base,fits Terminator, AquaTop, Submariner" align="left" hspace="5"></a> The correct UV Bulb is the G23/PLS 13 Watt pictured to the left.<br />
This Compact UV Bulb base fits many older UV Sterilizers/Clarifers as well that have newer models that take the GX23 UV Bulb base such as the older Cyprio & Fish Mate UVs<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#13wattg23" target="_blank" title="">G23 Replacement UV Lamps</a><br /><br />
If you need a correct UV Replacement Bulb Guide, I suggest this professionally written website:<br />
<a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" target="_blank" title="UV Bulb Directory"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCFcU_NXMLT8QLd09vdD7G5P97EqTZT3w-WUjkxaYGXm8yIS9cU1v_vNOIiB8djvu4jyYW6UwFvwbvKC8TsqOM8vfH3OkhWw1e1e6NGtPCnVk_lFV0w393DEbsE2iuwKbXJLpk/s320/uvreplacementbulbslampsbannertn2.jpg"></a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" target="_blank" title="UV Bulbs">UV Replacement Bulb Guide</a><br /><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-20764535895664899272011-04-29T07:09:00.005-07:002020-10-15T09:31:08.171-07:00Hot Cathode vs. Cold Cathode UV Bulb; Are Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs worth purchasing?<div id="fb-root"></div><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="hhttps://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br><br>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivZqXcQal_UGR1WIIP0iVD5ilSpePRzPvBh8IKssGejmqG_AieYiQICA6mWw6HDc4jS38KKMoaXkyIgjeawB2Z2R0TWJ1cSI6mnce5WxquoFBBjsF3CcUnNoUB8ZRG2EBXlVPs/s320/Hot+Cathode+Germicidal+Lights.jpg" alt="UV-C Hot Cathode Quartz Germicidal Lights/Bulbs" align="left" hspace="5"></a><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script></p>
<p><b>Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs; Are Cold Cathode, Low Output UV Lamps worth purchasing? <br />
UV-C Bulb Problems</b></p>
<p>Updated 10/15/2020</p>
<p>First a little background information:</p>
<p>UV-C Hot Cathode Quartz Germicidal Lights/Bulbs are similar in their operation to the standard fluorescent lamps. The Hot Cathode lamp operates from a ballast or transformer and requires a device such as the glow bulb starter or electronic ballast to preheat the electrodes in order to start the lamp.</p>
<p>The electrodes, located at the ends of the lamp, are tungsten filaments coated with emission material and, under normal operation, govern the life of the lamp itself (not output). <br>
Operation at low temperatures as found in many ponds in the Winter or early Spring may result in excessive lamp blackening and more rapid depreciation in ultraviolet output. As well, starting of the Hot Cathode lamps at low temperature may require a few minutes.<br>
It is also noteworthy that the tungsten filament used in the High Output UV-C Hot Cathode Quartz Germicidal versus many cold cathode are more fragile and burn out more quickly, especially with many "starts".</p>
<p>Some high end Compact Hot Cathode Germicidal Lights/Bulbs such as those made for/by "American Aquarium" UV; G23, G11 have small metal pre-heat elements that aid in starting and reduce cold start times and wear and tear on the filament. </p>
<p>American Aquarium Lamp Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">American Aquarium Products Compact UV Bulbs</a></p>
<p>Because of the voltage surge required by a Hot Cathode UV-C Bulb to light, ANY electronic ballast that is not providing this voltage due to age, damage, or simply poor quality, WILL fail to light a new Hot Cathode while this same ballast can still light an older hot cathode or a new cold cathode.</p>
<p>Hot cathodes generally achieve much higher power density than cold cathodes lamps and therefore produce more energy per given watt of energy used, making these a more desirable type of UV Bulb/Lamp for this reason alone.</p>
<p><font color="ff0000"><i>Despite the shorter life, and requirement for optimum functioning ballast to light aside; these UV lamps produce an optimum UV-C at 254nm, which is what you need for proper sterilization!</i></font></p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjhjwpzX8E_laNNfbjMLFKEwPFmJ-56x-fMbN5JqLGWrpBZ1LMnpPbDU1BDAlyKAWUQmLonhdUYuRMMkHfmk3DmqWPAWHfMvaKSOccYXi2Q_5tOzB8TQ1jywYBgtm2JCHMqVMs/s600/2.5+Watt+UV+Pump.JPG" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjhjwpzX8E_laNNfbjMLFKEwPFmJ-56x-fMbN5JqLGWrpBZ1LMnpPbDU1BDAlyKAWUQmLonhdUYuRMMkHfmk3DmqWPAWHfMvaKSOccYXi2Q_5tOzB8TQ1jywYBgtm2JCHMqVMs/s225/2.5+Watt+UV+Pump.JPG" align="left" alt="smartpond 700-GPH Submersible Pump cold cathode UV bulb, lamp" hspace="5"></a><br>
Some manufacturers/retailers in an attempt to lure customers into thinking a cold cathode bulb is a the way to go just because of the longer lifespan are now incorporating these into UV pumps.<br>
This Smartpond 700 gph not only utilizes these poor UVC emission UV bulb/lamps, they use a 2.5 watt bulb that even if the optimum low pressure, hot cathode UV lamp were used, it would fall far short of anything remotely effective as per the known science of UV Sterilization.<br>
A Lowes web page even has some positive reviews for this product, but I can assure you that this is clearly the placebo effect as there is no way a 2.5 watt cold cathode UV lamp can provide any real results.</p>
<p>Similarly many products made in China are made to differing specifications depending upon what the retailer/distributor desires as a "price point".<br>
This is VERY common with SunSun products where UV Sterilizers as well as canister aquarium and pond filters will come with ballasts only meant to fire low output UV bulbs/lamps. So when the owner purchases a higher output true UVC lamp, the bulb may not fire or burn out in short order due to difficulties firing these UV lamps.</p>
<p>Reference:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizer Use, Facts & Information based on Experience and Research</a></p>
<p>As an example from the above referenced article, an optimal hot cathode low pressure 2.5 watt UV lamp would only provide Sterilization at 75 gph and true algae control at 125 gph. But this product does not even use this lamp and also has a poor flow pattern and less than optimal distance from the UV lamp inside the Sterilization chamber.<br />
So a pump rated at 750 gph with this UV bulb/lamp is basically a pump with a pretty blue light decoration inside- DO NOT PURCHASE!!!</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiicykz6xORCjX2B6c89ng_yIrS5fvODs1Dayvd4OneQzM-qtBpk3QkR-0wbl-x9aaoWgjzJUUffZl0qicJ8MwhAnRlH-umJp-9T8o9vkn2zHTxL5P6orxlbRl1KEZfu_O2Eh1K/s320/Cold+Cathode+UV+Bulb2.jpg" alt="eBay UV Bulb, Cold Cathode" align="left" hspace="5"></a><b><i>NEXT, COLD CATHODE LAMPS:</i></b><br>
Cold cathode lamps have no thermionic emission coating to wear out and can have much longer lives than hot cathode thermionic emission tubes, however cold cathode lamps are less efficient than Hot Cathode lamps lamps because the cathode fall voltage is much higher (See Resources).</p>
<p>Many sellers of these <i><b>lower price</i></b>, longer life, cold cathode UV bulbs, claim these bulbs will provide longer life & easy/quick lamp starts often at a much lower price. Often these are sold at eBay and many "Top Bulb" or "Ushio" sellers that come up on Google's spammy algorithm. <br>
What many of these sellers may not even realize (many probably do and choose to market these bulbs falsely), is that most of these bulbs are only actually intended as nail curing UV bulbs, NOT for use in true level one UV Sterilizers for pond or aquarium use!!</p>
<p>While this is true, these lamps/bulbs produce UV-C irradiation that can be as low as 185nm (which produces undesirable ozone) and as high as 330nm (which is UVB, not UVC).<br>
<font color="ff0000"><i><b>With as little as 7% desirable UVC with these cold cathode, medium pressure UV bulbs; How is saving a few dollars and getting a few extra months life worth a bulb that is almost useless compared to a vastly superior Hot Cathode low pressure full UVC Bulb????</i></b></font></p>
<p>Obviously I am providing generalizations since these lights can vary, but what is clear is you are not achieving the optimum UV-C at 254nm.<br>
As well, advertising 8000-10,000 hours of life is another dead giveaway that the lamp is <b><i>NOT</i></b> a High Output, Low Pressure Mercury Lamp since closer to 4000 hours is all you should expect for peak performance.<br>
See:<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" target="_blank"><b>UV (UVC) Lamps/Bulbs used in Aquariums/Ponds and How they Work</b></a></p>
<p>For a graph that shows HOW LITTLE UVC ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY THESE COLD CATHODE UV BULBS THAT ARE NOW COMMONLY SOLD!</p>
<p>Sadly many buyers are impressed by the "easy starts" and "low price" that these cold cathode UV Bulbs provide and the fact that these long life/low output UV Bulbs will often light in UV Sterilizers with worn ballasts that do not have the energy (voltage surge) to fire/start a new Hot Cathode Germicidal UV-C lamp/bulb.</p>
<p>Add to this problem that many UV Sterilizer ballasts degrade quickly (especially when used for ponds where more moisture is present) resulting in the un-informed user believing that their low end UV bulb is actually better than a a premium UV-C Hot Cathode Quartz Germicidal Light/Bulb when the OPPOSITE is the truth! <br>
Even popular UV Sterilizers such as the over rated Turbo Twist has a high ballast degradation rate.</p>
<p>See: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html#ballast" target="_blank">Potential UV Sterilizer Problems; Weak or Poor Quality Ballasts</a>. </p>
<p>Purchasing a High Output 254nm UV-C Hot Cathode Germicidal Bulb for a UV with a weak/degraded ballast that will not light/fire a high output bulb, then purchasing a low output long life bulb that does work with this weak ballast is not an indicator of bulb quality, rather a lack of understanding of what makes a TRUE UVC producing lamp!!!</p>
<p>UV Bulb Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank" title="">High Output Germicidal Bulbs</a></p>
<p>Unfortunately many manufacturers now even sell these almost useless for UVC sterilization cold cathode UV bulbs. As these will almost always light, and this allows for UV Sterilizers with a poor ballast designs that do not last long to appear to be functioning.<br>
<i><b>Worse yet,</i></b> I have had customers/clients forward emails/letter claiming only their "original equipment" UV replacement bulbs should be used as their UV Sterilizers may not light the vastly superior hot cathode UV Bulbs.</p>
<p>The result, if a potential customer falls for this incorrect line of reasoning, is a UV Sterilizer that is almost a useless device as it is producing a fraction of the necessary UVC energy for level one or two sterilization or even clarification!<br>
This is putting the blame in the wrong place, keeping a UV Sterilizer with a ballast that has degraded and then only using cold cathode UV Bulbs makes no sense at all; why have a UV Sterilizer that is only 7-15% effective??</p>
<p>Such is the case with this sarcastic email:<br /><font color="006600"><i>"If many manufacturers are using easy start bulbs to make up for so called "weak ballasts" then why does the website (selling hot cathode UVC Bulbs) say hot cathode bulbs are compatible with their units? They clearly are not compatible with the majority of units."</i></font></p>
<p><i><b>The logic here totally escapes me!!</i></b></p>
<p><ul><li>First this is not true, I am speaking about degraded ballasts, as even a new Coralife will fire a hot cathode "True" UV-C bulb, but a degraded electronic ballast will not. <br>
Using the Coralife again as an example, my aquarium maintenance business has serviced many of these over the last decade, with a high quality UV C lamp working fine, but once the ballast degrades, only a cold cathode or <b><i>'old'</i></b> (mostly expired) hot cathode will fire (it is noteworthy that the life span of a Coralife ballast is lower than many UVs). The FACTS are that these ARE compatible with the majority of unit, assuming a <i><b>fully functional</i></b>, non degraded electronic ballast/transformer.</li><br>
<li>Second; Such a comment shows a total lack of understanding of fluorescent ballasts.<br>
A magnetic ballast would not have such a problem, since these utilize a fluorescent starter to provide correct "surge" voltage to light the UV-C Bulb.<br>
However most UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers utilize electronic ballasts of which many have poor circuitry that is easily degraded, especially by moisture; Once this happens a hot cathode true UVC Bulb cannot light.<br>
See: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html#ballast" target="_blank" title="Potential UV Sterilizer Problems, Equipment to Avoid such as Submersible UV Sterilizers">Weak of Poor Quality Ballasts</a></li><br><br>
<li>Third; the UV-C bulbs I have used and sold in my professional endeavors of aquarium/pond design and maintenance do and have worked in the majority of units</li><br>
<li>Forth; (and I will repeat myself), why would you want a UV Sterilizer that only makes a "pretty blue light" that is about 7-15% effective for UV Sterilization??</ul></li></p>
<p>See also: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/10/electonic-uv-sterilizer-ballasts-lamp.html" target="_blank"><b>Electronic UV Sterilizer Ballasts; Lamp Problems</b></a></p>
<b><i>The bottom line</b></i> is do not be fooled either by the low price, long life claims, or ease of lighting (or lighting at all with a weak ballast) of these long life/easy start UV Bulbs, as these are not the reason you should be purchasing a replacement UV Bulb.<br>
<i>Your UV Sterilizer is meant for Sterilization (not a pretty "blue" light) and this <b>will NOT be achieved with these low output UV bulbs</b> (especially level 2 sterilization)!!</i></p>
<p>Unfortunately some manufactures utilize low output UV bulbs such as Hagen Laguna; these UV bulbs are very inferior to high output UV bulbs and the result is no Level One UV Sterilization and even poor Green Water control.</p>
<p><b><i>For further resources see these articles:</i></b></p>
<p>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="">UV Sterilization; Facts & Myths</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVBulbTroubleShooting.html" target="_blank" title="">UV Bulb Troubleshooting Guide</a><br>
*<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp</a><br>
*<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathode" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathode</a></p>
<p><i><b>For the Best Very Best UV Sterilizer for your Pond or Aquarium:</i></b><br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title=""><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcmfOdNLehADnNigVf3urnbFLobtpKDm3GtBii0WH6hv3HxVGNE0800gR51WDnEjbTFtGk-O82jHN9QBPIfS1_dj0sf8rWGkojuYRJL3MAHrBAmo1PjsqYC0smfKRIMG1uoVGM/s320/tmcuv2tn3.jpg" align="left"><br /><b>AAP Advantage & Vecton Premium UV Sterilizer</b></a></p>
<p>There is not any better UV Sterilizer for both durability and UV-C irradiation effectiveness than the AAP Advantage and Vecton UV Sterilizer line, <i>at any price!</i><br>
</p>
<p>Further Reading of Interest:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Disease.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDGh75UW0W6d017kZAgAxDTmLlhHxiOKrmobtYQP179igCwhPs09JDLEYct19DH1loNOuADlG0fRQ6gWiUaYHRFd07_1BNc1RhHLMf0zGCBhDYHdQVH9go407nNtcP-Zfj7KXm/s320/aquarium-disease-prevention-TN.jpg" alt="Aquarium Disease Prevention"><br><b>AQUARIUM DISEASE PREVENTION; Steps to a Healthy Aquarium & Sick Fish</b></a></p><br>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-33214888850003268052010-12-23T10:41:00.001-08:002020-05-21T15:00:36.168-07:00Internal, Submersible UV Sterilizer Filter, Pump; Review (for Aquarium or Pond)<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2010/12/internal-uv-sterilizer-filter-pump.html" show_faces="true" width="350" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p><b>TWO PARTS</b><br>
<a href="#best-submerisble"><b>Part 1; Submersible UV Sterilizer Filter/Pump Combinations</b></a><br>
<a href="#avoided"><b>Part 2; These UV Filters Should be Avoided!</b></a><br>
<a name="best-submerisble"></a><br>
<font size="3"><b>Internal (Submersible) UV Sterilizer Filter/Pump Combinations</b></font><br> Including the newer & better designed 3rd generation AAP Internal/Submersible CUP-613 13 Watt & CUP-609 9 Watt UV Pump/Filters</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/gooddealsterilizer.jpg" alt="Submersible Internal Sterilizer Review" alt="Internal, Submersible UV Sterilizer Filter, Pump; Aquarium or Pond Review" align="Center"></a></p>
<p>Updated 5-21-20</p>
<p>This article/post is a partner to another article where one section discussed issues with submersible UV Filters, pump. This article will expand on this type of UV Sterilizer explaining both positives and negatives and proper use.</p>
<p><b><i>Please read this previous related article</i></b> for more background and understanding:<br>
<b><a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html" target="_blank" title="JBJ Submariner UV Sterilizer Clarifier, Green Killing Machine">Potential UV Sterilizer Problems, Equipment to Avoid</a></b></p>
<hr>
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<hr>
<p>The first generation Internal UV Filter/Pumps created a lot of excitement, at least among many aquarium maintenance professionals I knew/know. However as these were purchased and then utilized in aquariums or ponds, their short comings became apparent.</p>
<p>In particular the problem of leakage causing electrical shorts and often destroying the UV.<br />
This problem was even more prevalent with the Green Killing Machine and their rather bizarre and VERY rude, condescending, & un-professional phone call to an aquarium professional friend about his reply to a comment THEY posted on HIS YouTube UV Sterilizer video tells me this is NOT a company I could recommend -EVER.</p>
<p>The Submariner and other similar versions sold on Amazon.com and elsewhere are a slight improvement, however this UV clarifier is still not all that well designed in both water flow rate & pattern, as well as lack of proper pre-filtration for water turbidity and the use of low quality medium pressure UV Bulbs resulting ONLY in clarification abilities, <b>not level 1 sterilization</b>.<br>
As too with the Killing Machine which it too cannot perform level one sterilization, only clarification (& even then clarification is not as efficiently achieved as would be with a level one or two capable TRUE UV Sterilizer).</p>
<p>See this article comparing output of low medium pressure versus low pressure UV Bulbs:<br>
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank"><b>
Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Low versus Medium pressure lamps</b></a></p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48cXdVr-yX053_fPVhOqxDqSw7EXpkLG7fY9SBmVXaSWC49rOvspIh_WS5a0T-WJJ6kP-WV_KRa2L_-V_F5cX6W-UEgZNigYYK6u2UdCZHk3TtMMo9US8vvQy1_dZ0rT5ZXOM/s500/sarcasm+TN.jpg" alt="Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilizer Problems, Nemo sarcasm"></a></p>
<p>As well, the sealing of the UV Bulb & Quartz Sleeve is still an issue, resulting in short lives of 6-18 months for many of these units.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="AAP UV Pump, Filter, 3rd generation"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ayMLOiq0_hscHkXi0sRATrrkSAlzX_XKCXLQX_aIUrpE2TaU9V3cgAaaCSHwSYG2-KYdjfD4tG61E6pnnI9d2eODRZget2iUWWIbtyUFt5WTzoWOdi-638vi7LdXfQyJyqGS/s300/CUP+UV+Use.JPG" align="right" alt="AAP Submersible Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilizer Filter, Pump Review" hspace="5"></a>Although still inferior to out of the water, high dwell time UV Sterilizers (such as the highest dwell time of ANY UV; TMC Vecton or Advantage or even compact UVs with reasonable dwell time, such as the Terminator); the Unique AAP CUP Internal UV with pre-filter, flow adjustment, and low pressure UV Bulb appears to have finally gotten this great idea reasonably correct!</p>
<p>The plus side to these submersible UV Pump/Filters is the need for no additional plumbing in aquariums or ponds, not that splicing a line for a TMC or Terminator UV is all that difficult (with ponds though, extra devices such as UVs can sometimes be a bit more of a plumbing project).</p>
<p>However the another entry into the field of Internal UVs are still incorrect as per their flow rate (& construction); The AquaTop UV Sterilizer Pump 3, 5, 7, & 9 watt are actually no better than the Submariner or similar early generation Internal UVs (please read more about these later in the article).</p>
<p><i><b>Back to the AAP Model:,</i></b><br>
First the Proprietary Heavy duty 13 watt UV Pump/Filter design with double O Rings seems to have solved the leakage/UVC short problem for the most part, and the flow pattern/design is also improved over earlier Submariner and similar models.</p>
<p>One negative is "rated" flow rate, however as per our tests this "rated" flow rate is not the actual flow rate; the actual/adjusted flow for certain proprietary units by AAP is much better for level one UV Sterilization.<br>
The propeller design of the impeller has little head pressure which actually is better for maintaining a flow rate of 25 gph per watt in the vertical configuration.<br>
However, the flow rate is not good enough for circulation of very large aquariums or ponds, so for this reason other circulation pumps should be utilized so and I advice to not depend upon these UV Pumps as the primary mode of circulation.</p>
<p>The <b>AAP 13 Watt CUP-613 Pump/Filter Model</b> performed well in initial tests, however the <b>AAP 9 Watt UV CUP-609 Pump/Filter Model</b> uses the same 528 gallons per hour manufacturer rated water pump as the 13 watt model which is generally too high for level 1 UV Sterilization.<br />
HOWEVER later tests following adjustments made by AAP of this UV Sterilizer in configuration showed only a 160 gph flow rate in an aquarium in the vertical configuration which is appropriate for level 1 sterilization (9 times 25 = 225 gph or less). <br>
Please note that these "correct flow rate" models are NOT sold on eBay, Amazon, etc., only by professional sellers such as AAP.</p>
<p>Recommended Product Resource:<br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>AAP CUP Internal Filters; 13 WWatt</b></a></p>
<p>Reference: <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#flowtable" target="_blank">Levels of Sterilization</a></p>
<hr>
<p>BE AWARE, that SunSun is a company that makes probably more models of aquarium & pond equipment to various specifications, probably more so than any such aquarium/pond supply manufacturer in the world.<br>
As well, many are simply re-labeled with no changes and marketed as something they are not (Example Deep Blue)<br>
NOT ALL PRODUCTS ARE THE SAME, EVEN WITH THE SAME MODEL NUMBER!!!</p>
<p>Also since many persons in the USA & Canada have the perception that all Chinese made products are junk, let me correct this somewhat.</p>
<p>As an example, when a retailer or distributor approaches a typical North American or European manufacturer for a certain product and offers a certain price point that is below what the manufacturer offers the product for, if the manufacturer agrees to the terms, they will get the same product off their production line for this lower price.</p>
<p>HOWEVER with these Chinese manufacturers, INCLUDING SunSun, if someone such as Amazon.com sellers offer a lower price point, SunSun (& others in China) will agree, BUT BUILD IT TO THIS PRICE POINT. <br>
ALL products are built to order, not sold out of inventory for the price paid!!</p>
<p>WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?<br>
This means that these companies, especially Amazon.com are successful because they sell products are low prices, that also cost them less too (better profits).</p>
<p>With the SunSun CUP series, most of those sold at discounted prices are missing these parts:<br>
<ul><li>The important pre-filter sponge to lower water turbidity</li>
<li>These have not been corrected for flow rate to what is needed for level one UV Sterilization</li>
<li>Many are are sold with lower cost, but lower output medium pressure UV bulbs (basically "nail curing" UV bulbs commonly sold on eBay, Amazon, etc as low cost alternative to true level one capable low pressure UVC lamps/bulbs).<br>
See this article for more:<br>
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank"><b>
Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Low versus Medium pressure lamps</b></a></li></ul></p>
<hr>
<p><b><i>POND USE:</i></b></p>
<p>If used in a pond, I STRONGLY suggest "nesting" your SunSun Internal UV Pump/Filter under .5" to 1.5" rock (volcanic rock works best) so as to act as a pre-filter and block larger debris from entering your UV Filter. If not done, I can almost guarantee you will not be happy with your Pond UV Clarifier!</p>
<p>Where to get: <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Volcanicrock.html" target="_blank" title="">volcanic rock</a></p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5WclSJX2bfh6tPdGBhHTxkXM9FMhlD0HSnjbOcwD0HloEWSrlD_jvWcPK3rUGG3cfhRHU1IBtPitWworTiYHRBkLXZWgVL7Mxs7t0fmofj0WP-Nbv2a24GSDxRu7fUqZeea2F/s1600/Large+Pond+CUP-613.jpg" target="_blank" title="Submersible UV Pump, Pond Application"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZsvNq6yr_5Szl0B89qc4ohxTHRVwWEaxLZHGaGJ6Elq9Ghl4dmbm8hH3lpYDfOQxiZ5DZ6q2qIGHYwhBMyPlO302yEv5sFiTa8Fcy6AX3yqCnDpVX-GbPOOdPMEkhz96oL9zj/s320/Large+Pond+CUP-613-TN.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Submersible UV Filter & Pump, Pond Application, Review"></a>One of the positives of these new generation <b>SunSun CUP Submersible UV Pump/Filters</b> is the simplicity of installation, which in a pond that is already set-up, is a major plus.<br>
Since the SunSun CUP-13 can work in a pond up to 1500 gallons (assuming otherwise reasonably good filtration), a pond owner with say a 2500 gallon pond can utilize two of these UV Pumps to help maintain a clear pond where the fish can actually be seen.<br>
<i>The picture demonstrates placement as far apart as possible and the use of volcanic rock or similar to provide better pre-filtration to prevent pre-mature clogging and failure of your UV. (click on to enlarge)</i><br>
For yet larger ponds, multiples of this innovative UV Sterilizer pump can be utilized.</p>
<hr>
<p>While speaking about pond UV use, it is always still best to use an "in-line" UV Sterilizer, and if you are seeking the best of the best, especially for large ponds (or aquariums systems), NOTHING beats the AAP/TMC line of UV Sterilizers. The two premier UVs in this line for Ponds are the PRO Pond 30 and 110 watt.<br>
Please view the video below for more:</p>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/EqHfYl2JFog" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6co14yPca-s5j1wAbHzvCtB1ladj1LGA1HQHe6cw_Vv6SHivos7YPbtQ541SYFLaNLuj183rNKC7UhgEYpI7yibNq5q1NziSSOgsopPmQTBrHrfYQpQcoXNlh1SyBMUbOr-6k/s320/Aqua+vs+TMC+Video.JPG" alt="Aqua UV versus TMC UV Sterilizer"><br><b>VIDEO: Aqua Pond UV vs TMC AAP Pond UV Clarifier Sterilizer</b></a><br>
<i>A comparison of the two top large pond/aquarium-system UV Sterilizers and why the AAP/TMC comes out as the best when price and dwell time is considered</i></p>
<hr>
<p><b><i>A few Problems with the new SunSun & Similar Internal UV Sterilizer:</i></b></p>
<p><ul><li>While the SunSun and related exact same models sold under different brand names have improved in this area over the Submariner, PH-8/UV-3 3 watt and more; these are still below the level of sterilization when compared to either quality compact UVs or especially the Premium High Dwell Time UVs (such as the before mentioned Vecton & Advantage).</li><br />
<li><p>As well the SunSun and exact same models sold under different brand names have improved on the design that prevents electrical shorts, HOWEVER from feedback from my network of aquarium professionals, these still are not as durable as MOST out of water UV Sterilizers.<br>
This said, these are still of a better design as per durability than the earlier generation submersible Internal UV Pump/Filters as well as the plethora in-line submersible UVs such as the basic model Aqua Top, Submariner, and others.</p>
<p>My suggestions/recommendation for the 13 Watt or 9 Watt UV Pump/Filter is this is an reasonably well designed device for water clarification or basic level 1 Sterilization for small ponds or small to medium aquariums, especially for those desiring a simple UV application without the availability of a canister filter or similar to power a standard UV Sterilizer.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOapvrfGXHEahRLhjFNaQFSZDALxIcDVtM9ZE5CUFP6DLd-LBw4tCff_j9IovMQ1jqrAgMnjE2SuKfJdhTsmoIMCRwfgqiX5euUXjWaSDaZRD76m_lwqhZfCuLiLLCGYgcqBdQ/s320/Vecton+8+Watt-blog.JPG" alt="TMC Vecton UV Sterilizer for Aquarium, Review" hspace="5" align="left"></a>HOWEVER for those needing top notch level 1 sterilization and most certainly level 2 sterilization, this new device is not for you (especially in demanding environments or larger ponds/aquariums).</p>
<p>For these applications consider the excellent but economical <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">Terminator UV Sterilizer</a> or for top notch professional applications, the <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="The Best Category A UV Sterilizer at ANY Price">AAP/TMC Advantage or Vecton UV Sterilizers</a>.</p>
<p><i>Also consider where you purchase your new Internal UV Sterilizer Pump (as noted earlier these are sold under many brand names, but made in the same factory), as most retailers selling these have no knowledge of UV Sterilization and will tell you what you want to hear/read and also supply no customer service or product knowledge of use.</i>.</li></ul></p>
<a name="avoided"></a>
<p><font size="3"><i><b>These UV Filters Below Should be Avoided!</i></b></font></p>
<p>Unfortunately the vast majority of Inline, Internal, etc UV Sterilizers such as the "Killing Machine" are not sterilizers at all, only clarifiers.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gT45aA8RGni27q_SimbuhPoF0MJs8UEfcyl-DmwHFgoqQiAL8UNJhgVlS2KMKQrc0KSYAgaG1aEVD4QXx8_uXkNxdtVEHDcJgMEOliB3lt_3APrUVJ6BdFRa3pKRCrWPPXwG/s200/Oceanic+5+Watt+Submersible.JPG" alt="Review of Oceanic Biocube Mini Ultraviolet Sterilizer In tank Aquarium UV Pump, Not Recommended" align="left"></a> <b><i>Example: Oceanic Biocube Mini Ultraviolet Sterilizer, 5-Watt</i></b>;<br>
This is basically a Green Killing Machine.</p>
<p>As with the Green Killing Machine, this is excellent for green water clarification. However a short life and expensive upkeep including the replacement UV Bulb since the entire bulb & ballast must be replaced (this IMO is to deal with the leakage issues that otherwise damage the ballast).</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi34f4VL4Kh55NFELX8HxLQm_H5NBW-hZfjpNXdq_dLIfxaPNpMgCU5JIPZF30pZxoiGkLeSNxI2T9i1lhmZ9H27N7aaYAfbRa3quMPNFf_d5yOsMG51UPNT2D7gNEr76utzxhH/s320/Killing+Machine+Review.JPG" align="right" alt="Green Killing Machine Review, UV Clarifier, not Sterilizer, low quality"></a>
As it turns out, this so-called "deal" for these UV Clarifiers is not so much of a deal when you go to replace the lamp/ballast @ $26.99 for the 9W or $39.99 for the 24W, not to mention these are NOT capable of true UV Sterilization which SHOULD BE the reason for purchase of such a product as often a cloudy or green aquarium is an indicator of poor maintenance such as too-high bio load, over feeding, poor filtration, etc.</p>
<p>In the end, as with most submersible/in-tank UVs, these are ONLY a clarifier and not capable of level one UV Sterilization or higher. So combine this with expensive upkeep and only clarification abilities, this UV in the end is not the deal it may seem to be.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXVvTGxhgHjm7TqVYSm8uqSU09XbImTmloUFwR8fmzKov-3OFrRmQyIxI7GfJe22_Of6LNLGx1_Fhlbmm2m8UuJ5ehSP6qf_TrOV6lYFRSdhqdidiqAB5oCoBlDVSAz-rCsiV/s250/Inline+UV.JPG" alt="Review of AquaTop Inline Aquarium UV Pump, Not Recommended" align="left"></a><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ04FxP1vVU02CeF_W-34kKzQPpXGo-XDuNKnDznjbGXvwF89m4M2cnCjAj5KpV6L1hlORUO77w2W8YTrASXKpL2tbii3H4efannFlRyYgD6J1hBBuH1MUYNCBrslxI49HwA2c/s250/Internal+UV+Pump-9.JPG" alt="Review of AquaTop, SunSun Aquarium UV Pump, Not Recommended" hspace="5" align="left"></a></p>
<p><b><i>As another example</i></b>, SunSun Basic, JUP-01, JUP-23 13W and the AquaTop PH-8/UV-3, 5, 7, & 9 watt Inline UV Sterilizers <b><i>are not</i></b> of the more robust filter and UV flow design as the larger SunSun CUP-613 & CUP-609, rather these are simply knock offs of the "cheesie" internal UV flow and over all design of the earlier Internal UV pumps (& sadly still sold by Amazon and many others).</p><br><br>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNX2kbz9zY96RQQ5l-2kDuTtjkTZSZylDVLsl32kctT413hqeYEWXGyEA4omAmEhUdQ7UQH4tkKr_gF_Y953mPOkaHQH4dgS1VdFxOZvbu981FFP-lSBuwfLmYIvrzbgn9LhqZ/s320/JUP-23+UV.JPG" alt="JUP-23 13W UV Sterilizer sold at Amazon" align="right" hspace="5"></a>Also many of these internal/submersible UVs sold at Amazon and elsewhere do not come with a pre-filter sponge and thus the water turbidity inside the UV sterilization chamber is too high for the UVC to truly be effective.<br />
Reference: <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#transmittance" target="_blank">UV Transmittance; Other Factors Affecting UV Sterilization Pre-Filtration/ Turbidity</a></p>
<p>The low prices of these as well as the Submariner, etc. reflect their ability to only clarify, not sterilizer.</p>
<p><b><i>As an example</i></b>, the cheesie UV-3 watt marketed for undergravel filters runs at 158 gph with a 3 watt UV bulb; HOWEVER as per correct Level One UV Sterilization, this would require a flow of UNDER 75 gph to be effective!! (Dwell time is another considerations where these designs fall well shot of anything other than clarification).</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit8jzX0jpENudLlgFsHmq5ClBGUxiTz_uH7Vxbuecqkk10HawgUPIK37THxxnNlFVkkr5ZZ_xpebx3JMNat3mOrXFCYp-8NvkiaB4NBMwysNJi2d9rh3zM4we4ZZzmL2Wl8wlj/s250/Deep+Blue+UV.jpg" alt="Deep Blue Clarity+ Submersible UV" align="left" hspace="5"></a><b><i>Another newer entry</i></b> with great marketing is the Deep Blue Clarity+ Submersible UVs.<br>
These advertise "Long-lasting, high performance ultraviolet lamp (typical 9,000 hrs)", however a HO low pressure UV lamp has a useful life of about half this, so this is suspect as to the output. Typically the long life medium pressure UV lamps have 1/4 the UVC output.</p>
<p>Reference: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Low versus Medium pressure lamps</a></p>
<p>As well the claim is "optimized circulation pump included" yet the flow is not advertised, as the dwell time is quite questionable. These also do not have true "pre-filtration" which is important for any UV function as noted earlier in this article.<br>
In the end, this too is primarily just a UV Clarifier, which is fine if that is all you are purchasing this product for, not level one sterilization.</p>
<p><b><i>If Clarification is all you need</i></b>, not true level one sterilization or greater for Redox balance, disease control, and fish immunity issues, these above noted filters might be a good choice since these are well under $50 (with the exception of the Deep Blue), but again if you do your research and need true UV Sterilization, you will need to go with a true UV Sterilizer such as the good AAP Terminators or the <b><i>top notch</i></b> premium AAP/TMC Vecton/Advantage UV Sterilizers, Aqua Ultraviolet, or Emperor UV.</p>
These along with the earlier previously mentioned JBJ Submariner, Killing Machines, etc. UV Pumps SHOULD BE AVOIDED! </p>
<p><b>GREEN KILLING MACHINE REVIEW VIDEO:</b> </p>
<p><iframe width="504" height="284" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/XEBPlVw9FtI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>As final note, as with any UV Sterilizer, changing the UV Bulb every six months is important for optimum operation (a must for level 1 sterilization).</p>
Where to find <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" title="">UV Replacement Bulb</a></p>
<hr>
<p>For the most accurate and up to date information about the use of UV Sterilizers in a pond or aquarium, this article is a MUST READ:<br />
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="Researched Ultraviolet Sterilizer Information"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdQDPADubU2FaqyNZSl4zBDfzwxDXPbuRhOn9XkH2CyChCPVU2d6WD-hSdtI8Yl0-ZQ_QN3lO3PYI19bLImf6bUx3F_Mav_WjO7rN_9c_HzzvtIB0UvZM64FR4U7BEJyEeuqXU/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br><b>UVC Sterilization Information</b></a><br /><br />
<p>Authored By Steven W.</p>
<hr/>
<p>Comments are welcome, however the author’s busy schedules preclude the ability to have discussions or answers questions on subjects covered here at “Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Reviews”, these are best taken to forums such as <a href="https://everythingaquatic.proboards.com/" target="_blank">Everything Aquatic</a>.<br>
Comments attacking the authors rather than the subject matter with “straw man”, ad hominem statements will be immediately marked as spam so that future posts by such individuals here or elsewhere in the blogosphere will be recognized as such.</p><hr><br>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-6836015281251078082010-06-05T18:19:00.001-07:002013-09-24T11:23:38.940-07:00Correct UV Sterilizer/Clarifier Applications<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2010/06/correct-uv-sterilizerclarifier.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src=" https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZImdxv7WHpnCRX72MfdY6siJSQcqqM6TwoHiw4ndzwbU8nI59REzXPFKnyvS89qCz5Xv8Cdm5t0YFS_Rg_k6OSdOGbKGQUkCbWneImiJYFkGWSNleuuGAGp7s1YG1jWLkz77c/s320/tmcpondclearuvtn.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="TMC Pond Advantage, Aquarium Vecton UV Sterilizer, Clarifier"></a>I often get questions or even complaints about the use of UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers for Aquariums & Ponds.<br />
I will answer a couple of questions that indicate the improper of UV Sterilization for Ponds or Aquariums.<br /><br /><br /><br />
Indepth Information on UV Sterilization:<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html</a><br /><br />
Updated 9/24/13<br /><br />
(1) <b>Question</b>; <font color="006600"><i>"My Pond turns pea soup green as soon as my UV Sterilizer UV-C Bulb burns out or is removed"</i></font><br /><br />
<b>Answer</b>; This certainly shows that you have a correctly installed and functional UV Clarifier.<br />
However this also tells me that you depend too much on your UV Clarifier/Sterilizer as although I certainly recommend these devices, a pond keeper should not have a system that is all or nothing as per the UV Clarifier.<br /><br />
I strongly suggest increasing filtration, especially bio filtration that removes many of the nutrients necessary for an algae bloom.<br />
A Bio Falls Filter (either purchased or DIY), a Pressurized Pond Filter can either be added or even duplicated. <br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHPCkgkEbz-NODM5lMH7oRhuwROZn3ECHvcSYG4OYtbyk2JmPoVOjQWyCFf5kXNTSNNIs7ss7SXhe-8144c9jKdUGzazJUcRPsAN_ydJ0Wmq_iKts0iQUeImD5KFMHOHKfKFq8/s320/Veggie+Filter-2.JPG" alt="Pond Veggie Filter" hspace="5" align="left"></a>Another type of Filter I set up in over 90% of my ponds is the "Veggie Filter". Properly constructed, these plant filters can really "scrub" many nutrients otherwise utilized by free floating algae.<br /><br />
I have found in ponds with good mechanical/bio filters such as a Pressurized Pond filter <b><i>along with</i></b> a Veggie Filter rarely got overly green in summer when the UV Clarifier was disconnected or broken down.<br /><br />
For further information about pond veggie filters, please see:<br />
<a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/pond-veggie-filters.html" target="_blank"><b>DIY Veggie, Plant Filters</b></a>.<br /><br />
Sources for Pond Pressurized Filters & UVs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">UV Pond and Aquarium Clarifiers</a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearStreamPondFilter.html" target="_blank">Pressurized Pond Filter</a><br /><br /><br />
(2) <b>Question</b>: <font color="006600"><i>"I have been told a UV Sterilizer does not really help a saltwater or freshwater aquarium other than clarity. I did not see any difference than this when I added a 9 Watt UV Sterilizer to my aquarium sump (a pump rated at 900 gph)"</i></font><br /><br />
<b>Answer</b>: This answer is much more complex than the last, so I will first state that a thorough reading of this blog and even more the UV Sterilization article below should be done:<br />
<b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#uvfacts" target="_blank">"UV Sterilization; Facts and Myths"</a></b><br /><br />
<b><i>A few points:</i></b> First of all, 900 gallons per hour is much too fast for a 9 Watt UV to perform Sterilization, and likely little clarification either.<br />
*Many persons who slam UV Sterilizers for aquarium use, have them incorrectly installed or are utilizing Sterilizer/Clarifier devices of poor quality for anything other than clarification, such as the Green Killing Machine".<br />
Please see: <a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html#submariner" target="_blank" title="">UV Equipment to Avoid</a><br /><br />
<b>Here are three parameters</b> required for effective UV Sterilization that are often missed:<br /><br />
<ul><li>Flow Rate; this should be 45-60 gph per watt for Clarification, 20-35 gph per watt for level 1 Sterilization, & 8-12 gph per watt for level 2 Sterilization.<br />
<i>For more in depth exposure time information, please see <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#penetration" target="_blank"> “UV Sterilization; UVC Penetration (Microwatts second/cm2)”</a>.<br />
See the sections dealing with UV-C Penetration gives a more detailed explanation of the time required to kill pathogens based on wattage & distance for the UV-C source.<br />
For example the bacteria Vibrio requires a UVC exposure of 6500 mW/cm2 or more, this means an exposure time of 5.68 seconds for a 9 watt UV lamp is required to kill this pathogen.</i></li><br />
<li>Aquarium (or Pond) Turnover rate; this should be Once per 2-3 hours for Clarification, 1.5 times per hour for level 1 Sterilization, & Up to 4 times per hour for level 2 Sterilization</li><br />
<li>UV-C Penetration; in simple terms this is often a problem with the equipment itself with too much distance from the bulb to the outer wall of water containment resulting in much of the water not being properly irradiated even with proper flow rate or turnover rate.<br />
Examples are Canister/Pressurized filters equipped with built in UV-C Lamps, internal UVs such as the before noted Submariner/Killing machine, or even otherwise good UVs with baffles to slow water flow but in turn keep much of the water at too great a distance form the UV-C Irradiation.</li></ul><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-50375794783468848222010-02-15T16:09:00.006-08:002013-09-21T17:06:57.353-07:00Aquarium UV Sterilizer Combinations<div id="fb-root"></div><script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2008/11/aquarium-uv-sterilizer-ideas.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<font size="3"><b>Aquarium UV Sterilizer Ideas; Part Two</b></font><br /><br />
Updated 9/21/13<br /><br />
In part one about 18 months ago I noted using intake and return adapters as another way to connect UV Sterilizers to aquariums, especially smaller aquariums where the use of more traditional set ups such as canister filter or sumps is not possible.<br />
In this article I will expand on this idea and as well note some problems with many sump set ups and with the growing popularity of internal UV Sterilizers, which although they make work, they are prone to leak problems that usually result in a short lifespan.<br /> <br />
First I will start with the use of power heads, pumps, or Internal Filters (which is my first choice do to pre filtration of water allowing for a more effective UV Sterilizer).<br /><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrPQdOrSr1t6U7Hv5n5ykaXfQEV1tG8JocAbiLAicjN2B1-khvQumbB9w3mhUSja8xnRiUyH5C3fOYAf5DCYGkpVW2HxQ48itUGxdBHqfx91qN2tn__F69K9VViu_kZ_haEZLk/s320/filteruv3.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMz5lewCQmo2V-Q9gUoc3UHvuNfMbUEydNppQU06VoPTNS6MT3NmNkbOBwfi7kN3bRbMF_5_9aiDWh7zdXM1PD-i71AEhRISIXN3syt31sKJfoy5DS99EgAIyvRtxgxSSe1Sz9/s1600/filteruv3tn.jpg" BORDER="0" alt="Aquarium UV installation diagram with Internal Filter or Power head" hspace="5" align="left"></a><br />
Here is a basic picture for plumbing a compact UV Sterilizer using an Internal Filter or Power Head. The lines and UV can be more neat than the diagram shows (this is just for emphasis). This demonstration is shown on the front of the tank for easier viewing, <i>obviously</i> this would be placed on the back of an aquarium.<br />
You may also place your power head/ internal filter on its side for an easier tubing application.<br />
<font color="ff0000">The picture can be enlarged by clicking on it too!</font><br /> <br />
The advantage of this set up is that it allows a small (or larger aquarium) that may only have a HOB filter such as a Whisper to also have a UV Sterilizer PLUS more filtration and filter redundancy. <br />
In all bluntness, this type of set up is not all that expensive when you consider the costs of fish and medications or simply piece of mind that a UV Sterilizer can provide in improving water quality (such as Redox) and lower water borne disease incidence. This is not to say that a UV Sterilizer will solve all your problems, but they are often a major piece of the good water parameter puzzle and in my experience should be included in most aquarium set ups if at all possible.<br />
Please see this article for more why:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilization; How UV Sterilizers Work</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html#kits" target = "_blank"><img src ="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO7am0E-dwctyW5AxBVxDeOT2akNSISHy93IGuAFEYNv2fdG4bdWXk2YDEZrxq_Jgr5MvdQmQ2-7EPW4EqnUm9RFKUC9RwUJcfzf7grVN-H3bckU7vqLHg-w3HHn90bfyMKw1y/s320/sunsunuvkittn.jpg" BORDER="0" hspace="5" alt ="Compact UV Sterilizer kit with Internal Filter" align="left"></a><br /><br/>
Here is a picture of an inexpensive set up that is ready to go for an aquarium as small as a 10 gallon aquarium, as well as a set up with a 9 watt Compact UV that would easily work for a 100 gallon aquarium.<br /><br />
Please follow this link for more information about these kits:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html#kits" target="_blank">Terminator UV Sterilizers/Filter Kits</a><br /><br/>
<font color="ff0000"><i>Please click pictures to enlarge or visit website</i></font><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/customuvhobtn.jpg" align="left" hspace="5"></a><br />
Similar to the above ideas, many UV Sterilizers, such as the Custom UV Sterilizer pictured to the left, can be hung on the back and then connected to an Internal Filter such as the SunSun Internal Filter or other similar Internal Filters for a simple UV application, especially when a canister filter is not available or practical (or even desired).<br /><br /> <br />
<b>SUMP USE of UV STERILIZERS</b><br /> <br />
A popular use of UV Sterilizers is in the sumps of high flow sump systems of large aquariums (especially marine), unfortunately the majority that I have seen when called out on service calls were installed improperly often resulting in the owner of the system to pronounce the UV Sterilizer a "failure" when in actuality the flow rate was way to fast for the UV Sterilizer wattage installed. As a generalization it is best to have a flow rate of under 20-30 gph per watt for a UV to be effective for bacteria, Redox, algae (slower yet for parasites) This flow rate can vary based on many factors that I will go into here (I recommend reading the link earlier in this article for more on this subject), I will only state that although you do not need to pay a fortune for a UV Sterilizer, most of the units selling for under $50 are junk and even a few name brands selling for over $100 are not delivering what you pay for.<br /> <br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PlumbingParts.html#diverters" target="_blank" title=""><img src = "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/uvreductionttn.jpg" alt="UV T valve diverter for high flow pumps" BORDER="1" align="left"></a><br />
<b>UV Sterilizer Diverter Valves</b> are the answer to most high flow pump problems.<br />
For use with ponds, sumps, or any high flow water application where the flow rate exceeds the recommended GPH per watt so as to divert/bypass some of the water around the UV Sterilizer. <br /><br />
See this site for more: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PlumbingParts.html#diverters" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilizer flow rate diverter valves">UV Sterilizer Diverter Valves</a><br /><br /><br />
<b>INTERNAL UV STERILIZERS</b><br /> <br />
With the above kit or similar in mind, please be careful of the relatively new Internal/Submersible UV Sterilizers sold under a couple of brand names (same design) BUT REJECTED by several wholesalers and retailers due to the fact that they tend to leak internally damaging and destroying the electrical components of the Unit often resulting in complete failure in under a year.<br /><br />
As well, while these UV Sterilizers did perform a good job at clearing "green water"/Clarification (while functioning), in tests these UVs did a poor job of performing Stage One Sterilization due to flow pattern and distance from the UV Bulb/Lamp inside the unit. Level one (stage one) UV Sterilization is essential if you would like to step up in Aquarium or Pond Disease prevention by not only killing disease pathogens, but improve <b>Aquarium Redox</b> which also in turn improves fish health by improving fish immune response.<br /><br />
More information & products:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#flow" target="_blank">Levels of UV Sterilization</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" target="_blank"><b>Aquarium Redox</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" target="_blank">Replacement UV Bulb/Lamp</a><br /><br />
I personally rejected these units (The Green Killing Machine) after Kokaho Aquarium and other users of these Internal/Submersible UV Sterilizers found total failure of most or all of them within a year or often much sooner.<br />
What is even worse is that a manufacturer of the most popular of these internal UVs had someone spam my YouTube video demonstration of how to install a custom UV on an aquarium using Internal Filters.<br />
I then commented on their clear attempt to push this product that I in good conscience could not recommend (in fact I noted in my comment that it was an awesome idea, which it is, but failed in practicality).<br />
They had the audacity to call ME unprofessional implying that I had gone to their Video when in fact that were trying to peddle their product via a comment on my video.<br />
They also ended up with name calling when they could not change my mind stating that "I needed help". <br /><br />
Honestly in my opinion this is an act of desperation by a company that may have a good concept, but is failing to sell many due to the fact that many in this industry but for a few less than honest retailers refuse to stock these Internal UV Sterilizers (or "algae/green killing machines").<br />
In the case of internal UV Sterilizers I would have loved for these to work, as I think this is a good idea, but I cannot honestly sell something that I know has flaws that will lead to product failure somewhere down the road as well as not being a true UV Sterilizer, rather just a water clarification device.<br /><br/>
<a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2010/12/internal-uv-sterilizer-filter-pump.html" title="Submersible UV Sterilizer/Clarifier Review"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaTtsWX0nKfYxSZUDcWeuwlMXtTMA3Y2PTL9tXtZdrfXo1qpyDkU8fJH4Fqe9aV-vsn6kdWLLX8kF0-n5pDZTDcET1xhu1olZgbUit3ismkS3YKyVSlYiN2Msd1O2bkkOAB-oI/s320/sunsun13wattuvpumptn3.jpg" align="left" hspace="5"></a><br />
If this idea appeals to you, avoid the before mentioned Submersible UVs along with similar models such as the Submariner sold at PetCo, Amazon, TruAqua and elsewhere and give the only one of a couple Submersible UVs I have found to be both <b>reliable and able to actually provide level one UV Sterilization.</b><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="Premium Submersible True UV Sterilizer">SunSun CUP series</a><br /><br />
See this Review from this website:<br />
<a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2010/12/internal-uv-sterilizer-filter-pump.html"><b>Submersible UV Sterilizer/Clarifier Review; Killing Machine, more</b></a><br /><br />
Please read this article about the use of UV Sterilizers for a Researched and regularly updated information. <i>No advanced aquarium keeper should consider their knowledge complete until they have read this content, including the cited references such as about Aquarium Redox</i>:<br />
<a href = "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFkCZfEXnSQP_u7Eg-adFUkYTaH4YV0e6zoh-l-Vpqb7N4dl43BdJdFJ27xXy_0ndyo97_MnKeALWGW0oYThyphenhyphenONDp9qmCQJg1x34AilwjEzY6_YFYo4JijEvJncNiaoVj0DthW/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br /><b>ULTRAVIOLET STERILIZATION (How it Works)</b></a><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-18255051014775489402009-12-17T08:08:00.004-08:002019-09-04T10:27:14.502-07:00UV Sterilizer Problems & Reviews; Submersible Pond, UVC Clarifier<div id="fb-root"></div><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/12/uv-sterilizer-problems-equipment.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<h2><font size="3"><b>Potential UV Sterilizer Problems, Equipment to Avoid such as Submersible UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers</font></b></h2>
<p>Updated 4/6/19</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJjomEQhybO_gGETeOA7OoHGHPxoZ68v5_kV6FUVe8wA68LCwniIF7VND7aRpnTudPxzwKQLW4pStzgbX-q0NxW9a-jkgpwLmGT1o3g83VQ8qNXwLfW_iiXOBGU_Gu4nr8VEIn/s320/UV-Sterilizer-Which-One.jpg" alt="UV Sterilizer Problems & Reviews, Jebo, Tetra, JBJ, Garden Treasures, Sunterra, TMC" align="left"></a>This website in general is meant to show the research as well as subjective reasons to utilize TRUE UVC Sterilization for ponds, aquariums, air purification, & surface/equipment disinfection. </p>
<p>This article in particular addresses the pitfalls of some equipment that can make for a “bad experience” in UV Sterilizer (or Clarifier) ownership.<br>
This is also how incorrect anecdotal statements about ineffective UV Sterilization equipment starts too since many will purchase a poorly effective "Category C' UV Sterilizer/Clarifier via Amazon or eBay and then question the effectiveness when they should never have purchased a UV Sterilizer from either of these discounters since few if any sold via discounters are true 'Category A or B' UV Sterilizers.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg48cXdVr-yX053_fPVhOqxDqSw7EXpkLG7fY9SBmVXaSWC49rOvspIh_WS5a0T-WJJ6kP-WV_KRa2L_-V_F5cX6W-UEgZNigYYK6u2UdCZHk3TtMMo9US8vvQy1_dZ0rT5ZXOM/s500/sarcasm+TN.jpg" alt="Aquarium or Pond UV Sterilizer Problems, Nemo sarcasm"></a></p>
<p>I will preface this article/post to state that although many of my posts on this website and elsewhere about UV Sterilization are based on good objective research from both myself and many others, this specific article/post is based on use, feedback, known scientific facts about true UV Sterilization, and observations.<br>
I will be as objective as possible but, this post includes some subjective commentary based on my 40 + years of experience in aquarium/pond maintenance and system design.</p>
<p><b>INDEX</b><br>
<ul><li><a href="#equipment">Equipment, UV Sterilizers</a></li>
<ul><li><a href="#tetra">Tetra UV Sterilizers</a></li>
<li><a href="#garden">Garden Treasures UV</a></li>
<li><a href="#submariner">Submersible UVs; JBJ Submariner, AquaTop & Green Killing Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="#pondmaster">In-Line Pond UVs; Pondmaster, Others</a></li>
<li><a href="#cal">Cal Pumps UV</a></li></ul>
<li><a href="#other">Other Potential Problems</a></li>
<ul><li><a href="#flow">Too High a Flow Rate</a></li>
<li><a href="#transmittance">UVC Transmittance</a></li>
<li><a href="#failure">Failure to Change the UV Bulb</a></li>
<li><a href="#ballast">Weak or Poor Quality Ballasts; JEBO, CORALIFE TURBO TWIST, LAGUNA, & SUNTERRA</a></li></ul></ul></p>
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<a name="equipment"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>EQUIPMENT, UV STERILIZERS:</b></font></h3>
<p>I will start with some equipment that I do not recommend and why:</p>
<b>*Jebo UV Sterilizers:</b> These Sterilizers have a couple of problems.
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXX6gvBdOkocaZWSbC26RwbiR_GSpOfaLDnPOVjaxID84J511hjV_RKPhgn7ZqotV3zGuW7NFn4baW3WwK296CbVUUbTkqFUAPYpggcUqEnzJVlobJh-QUKMkBBlQfLLR_ySXi/s320/thinkingofsterilizerstn.jpg" alt="Problems with UV Sterilizers, aquarium or pond" align="right"></a><br>
First is the ballasts/transformers do not last and in fact, from my experience and others in the professional aquarium/pond maintenance business observations, they often fail in less than a year (see the ballast section).</p>
<p>As well, even when the transformers continue to work, Jebo often uses non industry standard UV Bulbs for their units.<br>
An example would be the 11 watt Jebo and 36 watt which utilize a bulb that is not of standard length making it more difficult to find a replacement and when this replacement can be found, it is often more expensive due to this problem.<br>
Worse, if you purchase a Jebo replacement UV bulb, you will be getting an inferior medium pressure UV bulb that is only 7-14% UVC emission (commonly used for nail curing), not true low pressure true UVC bulb!!!</p>
<p>Reference: <a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond</a></p>
<p>An example of a standard 36 Watt G11 UV bulb:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#36watt" target="_blank">Standard G11 36 Watt UV Bulb</a></p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTU7d4llR7a939N7ftF3F73PuTInQaq7eNWXKPMkdZAU3bQ63Kixe6bTcuSmUkQEn2jVZI-wVs_utcxmjYFZEBaoyzuKWMR8Sk9Rdm4pjHIstU8WCwlQqK7K06_1aGMtUNo6PP/s320/tetrauv2.jpg" alt="Tera Pond & Aquarium UV Sterilizer, Problems Reviews" align="left" hspace="5"></a><a name="tetra"><b>*Tetra UV:</b></a> Honestly, I am not a fan of this company on so many levels of their aquatic products (& this goes back many years in the business and includes talking with others in the industry at trade shows that know Tetra and its products well).<br>
However, their UV Sterilizers generally work well and last well too. The problem with the Tetra UVs is that as with Jebo, Tetra also is constantly utilizing non industry standard UVC Bulbs, which Tetra then charges nearly triple the normal price for replacement bulbs (but at least Tetra uses quality low pressure True UVC lamps/bulbs).</p>
<p>So, these Tetra bulbs, the G7 9 Watt UV Bulb and the G11 18 Watt Bulb are non standard and VERY expensive if purchased from Tetra or their distributors.<br>
Luckily, one manufacturer is only a step behind Tetra with quality high UVC output low pressure replacement bulbs, see these links:<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#9wattg7" target="_blank">9 Watt G7 Tetra UV Replacement Bulb from American Aquarium</a> <br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#18watttetra" target="_blank">18 Watt G11 Tetra UV Replacement Bulb from American Aquarium</a></p>
<p>The other problem with Tetra (as with their fish foods and some other products), they have done an excellent job marketing their products so as to convince people that a 'Category B' Tetra UV Sterilizer is of top notch quality which although these are good UVs (as per my vast use of these in my aquarium and pond maintenance companies), they are far from the best (they are not even 'Category A').<br>
HOWEVER, a Tetra UV is often twice the price of other compact UV units such as the AAP Terminator UV. While the Terminator is of equal quality for less than half the price.</p>
<p>More importantly, the Tetra is NOT even in the same league of UV efficiency as the 'Category A' TMC Vecton & Pond Advantage UVs, Aqua UV, or Emperor UV (in part due to much lower dwell time)!</p>
<p>Product References:<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>AAP Terminator Compact UV Sterilizers from American Aquarium</b></a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>AAP/TMC High Dwell Time Professional UVs from American Aquarium</b></a></p>
<p><i>Please note, I have been using SunSun/Via Aqua Terminator Compact UVs since 1996 (along with many others which include the Tetra, Jebo, Turbo Twist) and had few problems; generally just a rare broken/defective part.<br>
To this date, not one has had a defective ballast unlike many of the other compact UV Sterilizers such as the Turbo Twist</i>.</p>
<p>If you are determined to spend more; Why not get more for your money and purchase a true high performance, high dwell time, high output UV Sterilizer.<br>
For the same price as a Tetra, you could get a top notch professional sterilizer such as the TMC Pond Advantage/Vecton Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer</p>
<p><a name="garden"><b>*Garden Treasures:</b></a> A popular discount home improvement store brand that often fails within a year and has a poor design which is often very ineffective.</p>
<p><a name="submariner"><b>*JBJ Submariner UV Sterilizer/Clarifier, Green Killing Machine, Mr. Aqua UV, More</b></a></p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig_iP2AHdyWp0r5kdlRE7zzqDjH3HF1o-EbKioHNUJqJYvLxzr5Y_9KAGev4yMzaioxD_yQiekbBpMyBigQtVNa3LJR9kP4xGNNqepNCHNkxN9KJOPgpAGxdn94MZZu01Ofbew/s320/Submersible+UVs.jpg" alt="Green Killing Machine, Oceanic, UV Sterilizer Problems Reviews" align="left" hspace="5"></a>Although an excellent idea in theory, the Green Killing UV is a good example of what is often wrong with the aquarium/pet industry as many (including myself) thought this was a good idea in theory.<br>
In practical use it failed (I tested several before I would sell to the general public).<br>
However most other retailers, including some of the biggest names in internet Aquarium/Pet supplies purchased and sold these lemons without any testing which is sadly so typical of late in an industry driven by highly inaccurate Amazon and other non professional community based reviews which do NOT utilize in science based controlled testing by professionals.<br>
Many retailers though, such as PetStore.Com have since discontinued this UV Sterilizer.<br>
Unfortunately the problem has grown with many branding basically the same cheap Chinese design such as the Mr Aqua UV and selling it as their own!!</p>
<p>The problem was not that these UVs did not work, because they did for free floating algae as a Category C UV clarifier only, BUT NOT level 1 or 2 UV Sterilization (provided by Category A & B UV Sterilizers), which is what many unknowingly purchase these for.<br>
As well these UVs only functioned for a short time (about 6-9 months), then the seals failed and they shorted out (this too is a major problem with the Submariner, which sadly still sells in considerable volume). </p>
<p>On an unprofessional note as per the Green Killing UV, a company representative spammed a YouTube video I made about UV Sterilizer installation many years back.<br>
This comment was about their product and when I noted (in a reply comment) that I disagreed with this product based on use, they phoned me with the nastiest (including personal attacks), and most naïve comments I could ever fathom.<br>
Keep in mind that I did not seek them out, they sought me out!!<br>
In my view, this is not a company I could ever recommend giving business to if only for their attitude.<br>
Sadly irresponsible companies such as Petco, PetsMart, and Amazon continue to sell this UV clarifier (NOT a Sterilizer).</p>
<p>Another problem with poor quality sterilizers with built in water pumps is flow rate.<br>
This can be seen in the smaller Killing Machine/Submariners (5 watt and to a lesser extent the 9 watt).<br>
This flow rate is too high for proper UV sterilization, which is best under 25 gallons per hour per watt (clearing green algae only requires 45 gph per watt, which is why these work for green water, but not so well for bacterial pathogen control or Redox Balance).<br>
Sadly many persons purchase the Green Killing Machine or Submariner expecting UVC Level 1 Sterilization, and these units simply do NOT perform this.<br>
So <i><b>at best</i></b>, these are JUST water clarification tools for as long as they last.</p>
<p><i>What really blows my mind is the "good" reviews posted on forums, etc that do not reflect anything about their durability or the fact these cannot perform level 1 sterilization.<br>
So, unsuspecting buyers read these very unscientific reviews then make a purchase. I know this happens from emails and my aquarium maintenance colleagues that report these failures or complain they are not seeing any Redox or sterilization results.<br>
<i><b>The unfortunate result</i></b> here (again based on emails, etc.) is these people that buy these sterilizers, then become convinced that UV Sterilization is a gimmick further fanning the MYTH that UV Sterilizers are useless for anything other than water clarification!!!</i></p>
<p>Reference this article about the similar Submariner Submersible UV and the TERRIBLE and factually inaccurate information given in an unprofessional review:<br>
<a href="https://www.fish-as-pets.com/2011/11/submariner-internal-uv-sterilizer.html" target="_blank">Submariner Internal UV Sterilizer Review, such as Kokos Goldfish; Reviews Part 1</a></p>
<p>Better would be to use together a proven yet economical Terminator UV Sterilizer (or TMC Vecton for a premium High Dwell Time UV) with a Internal Filter/power head combination or purchase a UV/Filter Kit that includes both.<br />
Product References:<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">TMC Vecton High Level UVC Sterilizers</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html#kits" target="_blank">Terminator UV Filter, Pump Kits; Superior Compact Sterilizers</a></p>
<p>If you prefer the simplicity of a self contained internal/submersible UV Sterilizer, the SunSun Submersible UV Pump/Filter would be a better choice over the Green Killing Machine or Submariner.<br>
HOWEVER, even these Internal/Submersible UV Sterilizers cannot match the Sterilization capabilities of a stand alone UV Sterilizer such as the Terminator or especially a high performance model such as the TMC Advantage or Vecton.<br />
Product Reference:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/InternalUVSterilizer.html" title="Internal UV Sterilizer, superior to Green Killing Machine, Problems Reviews" target="_blank">SunSun Submersible UV Pump/Filter</a></p>
<p>Also, beware of the cheaper models by SunSun, often marketed under the AquaTop and Oceanic labels, generally selling for less than $50.<br>
These are NO better than the Submariner or Killing Machine as per true UV Sterilization or longevity!!</p>
<p>PLEASE also read this review/article:<br>
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2010/12/internal-uv-sterilizer-filter-pump.html" title="Submersible UV Sterilizer, Submariner, AquaTop, SunSun, more"><b>Internal, Submersible UV Sterilizer Filter, Pump; Review</b></a>/p>
<p><a name="pondmaster"><b>*Submersible Inline Pond UV; Pondmaster, and Others</b></a></p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxa1LJjGPQcKKEx6QT3HSI9QSx3o3O_cQfFouGypYF8C_hfwRX3am0hMVWhbnJ8Up6GnJJKsYF1ylUI0gH9wh4fxXqWRqbEd9HzxhyphenhyphenadNBcGdkQxveNTF3dhY5ggO1ELSAMLS/s320/In-Line+Heater2.jpg" alt="Pond In Line UV Sterilizer, Clarifier" align="left" hspace="5" vspace="5"></a>These UV Sterilizers are designed to go inline, originally in pond and more recently aquarium versions have been added.<br>
This style UV Sterilizer/Clarifier goes inline (between the pump and water outlet) under your aquarium or pond water.<br>
These UV Sterilizers have found appeal because of their lower price due to simplicity and to the generally easy installation.</p>
<p>However. these positive selling attributes are also their downfall as for reliable UV Sterilizer abilities.<br />
The aquarium versions are very low tech with poor dwell time. This simple construction often result in leaks that destroy the electrical components in as little as 6 months. The result being Level One Sterilization is NOT achieved and a UV Sterilizer is worthless for any type of Sterilization.</p>
<p>As for the PondMaster Submersible; when functioning this Pond UV Sterilizer generally does a good job for green water control.<br>
Unfortunately, this UV also has seals that fail resulting in electrical shorts due to moisture. Our pond service and related professional contacts also reported premature ballast failures (often within months) resulting in "blown" bulbs when a new replacement UV-C Bulb/light is replaced.<br>
Sometimes when the replacement bulb blows the filament, a thorough cleaning of electrical of any possible moisture can get this UV Sterilizer up and running again. The down side is this can be a matter of trial and error when replacing UV-C Bulbs that cost over $42.</p>
While the Pondmaster 40 watt and 20 watt might perform a reasonable job; when compared to the vastly higher dwell time TMC Pond Advantage UVs; the 40 watt Pond Master is outperformed by the 30 Watt Pond Advantage Pro and the 20 Watt Pond Master is outperformed by the 15 Watt Pond Advantage.<br>
So, my point is, with the cost of a new replacement lamp, AND new ballast, it makes much more sense to spend nearly the same amount of money and step UP to the TMC Pond Advantage UV Sterilizer!!</p>
<p>Please Reference these Information and Product Resources(the first is a MUST READ for any serious aquarium/pond keeper):<br>
<b>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html">UV Sterilization Facts & Information</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizerDwellTime.html">Dwell Time Test Between UV Sterilizers</a></b><br>
*<a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/2012/09/uv-bulbs.html#danner" target="_blank">Pondmaster UV Replacement Bulbs</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#30watttmc" target="_blank">30 Watt Pond Advantage Pro</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#1525watttmc" target="_blank">15 Watt Pond Advantage</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/QuartzSleeveBallast.html" target="_blank">Select UV Sterilizer Ballasts</a><br>
</p>
<p>Another issue is some manufacturers of the in-line UV Sterilizer (primarily marketed for ponds) utilize UV Bulbs/Lamps of 5 or 10 watts which is only adequate for the smallest of ponds (under 100-200 gallons) not at all for most of the ponds often sold for.</p>
<p>For pond or aquarium use, stay away from these submersible line in UV Sterilizers, consider a heavy duty high dwell time UV Sterilizer such as the <i>proven</i> long life TMC Aquarium Vecton & Pond Advantage UV Sterilizer, Aqua Ultraviolet, or Emperor UVs.</p>
<p><a name="cal"><b>*Cal Pumps UV</b></a></p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8m2Eyd1ECPX4DaG3rjhB5yuEVEKWNxqWLRyMpdjqecyCRRSk1iDMC28XOWoo8ix5Nqjw5bfo75-m8O7EfHu-I-ZfMpwhAc8D8uQsfilEb9BACXyS_F1VZJMLapaZakA65P4Dy/s320/Cal+Pump+36+Watt+UV.JPG" alt="Cal Pump UV36 36 Watt Pond UV Sterilizer with Spiral UVC Bulb, Problems & Reviews" align="left"></a> Cal Pumps (2007 and newer) has gone the proprietary route similar to Tetra with new G24 base UV Bulbs.<br>
Luckily other sources for the Cal Pump 18 Watt G24 Bulb now exist.<br>
As well, there are now outside sources for the 36 Watt Cal Pump Spiral UV Bulb.</p><br>
<p>Product References:<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#36watt_twist" target="_blank">Spiral 36 Watt G24 UV Replacement Bulb from American Aquarium</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html#18wattg24" target="_blank">U Shape 18 Watt G24 UV Replacement Bulb from American Aquarium</a></p>
<p>However, regardless of replacement bulb availability this Cal Pump spiral UV bulb/lamp has minor restrike issues and worse has terrible UV-C exposure time based on its overly compact spiral design.</p>
<p>As per our maintenance companies results as well as our own "in-house" statistics, the Cal Pump also has a higher than normal ballast failure rate, with new hot cathode UV bulbs failing in relatively new units (the old lamp may still work, but due to loss of ability of the ballast to provide needed surge voltage, the new hot cathode UV-C Bulbs will not fire).<br>
*Please reference this article to help troubleshoot your electrical components:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVBulbTroubleShooting.html" target="_blank"><b>UV Sterilizer Bulb Troubleshooting</b></a></p>
<p>The Cal Pump 36 Watt Pond UV Sterilizer with the spiral bulb which has VERY LOW dwell time and higher than normal ballast failure, <i><b>is a UV device that really has me scratching my head</i></b> as to why people even purchase this when there are better compact UV sterilizers available. Such as the "SunSun Terminator 36 Watt" Compact UVs or better yet the standard UV TMC "Pond Advantage Premium UV Sterilizer".<br>
At 25 watts, the TMC Pond Advantage has a vastly better flow, dwell time, and exposure design which would well outperform the higher wattage Cal Pump spiral 36 watt UV (along with much higher durability too)!!
</p>
<a name="other"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>OTHER POTENTIAL PROBLEMS:</b></font></h3>
<p>I will just give a quick overview in this section, since I have expanded information in other articles dealing with much of this.</p>
<p><a name="flow"><b>*Too high a flow rate for wattage of UVC:</b></a> Although an over simplification, more goes into UVC versus flow rate than pure wattage such as the design of the unit should only allow a gap of .3 cm between the UVC light bulb, quartz sleeve,and the UV unit wall.<br>
As a simple generalization (depending upon dwell time), 20-35 gph (gallons per hour) per watt should be used for most sterilization applications and 40-65 gph per watt for pond green water/algae control.</p>
<p><a name="transmittance"><b>*UVC Transmittance:</b></a> This is the measured value of the difference between a known UVC light source and what is measured by a calibrated detector through a 1 cm thick sample of the water to be irradiated/treated.<br>
Water turbidity (dissolved waste particulates, DOC, etc.) in the water column have a profound affect on this.<br />
I will likely write a specific article/post on the controversial subject of pre-filtration which can have a generally positive affect on UVC Transmittance.</p>
<p><a name="failure"><b>*Failure to Change the UV Bulb on a Regular Schedule: </b></a> This is a common problem which often leads to an ineffective UV Sterilizer. Your UV Bulb should be changed every six months for optimum performance in aquariums and 6-12 months for ponds (6 months in warm climate ponds).<br>
As well, the UV Sterilizer bulbs should be checked during regular aquarium maintenance just to make sure they are "on" in the first place and that the bulb or unit has not failed.<br>
I have had UV Sterilizers and/or the bulbs fail prematurely and not notice (due to not including this check in weekly maintenance) until more obvious aquarium conditions presented themselves.<br>
In one example, the aquarium plants looked more thin/dirty, water clarity was less then perfect, and the DOC and Detritus increased considerably in the aquarium. Upon checking, UV bulb which was well over due for a change had failed</p>
<p><a name="ballast"><b><font size="3">*Weak or Poor Quality Ballasts;</font></b></a> </p>
<p>Generally electronic ballasts do not last as long as those that use separate starters (such as many TMC UV Sterilizers), but electronic ballasts still have positive attributes.<br>
<i><b>Not all electronic ballasts are created equal.</i></b> </p>
<p>As already noted many brands such as the Jebo have poor quality ballasts that often last less than a year (from my Aquarium Maintenance Company's experience).<br>
I have also observed poor ballasts with certain models of the Hagen Laguna Pond UV Sterilizers such as the 25 Watt model in particular, as well as other Laguna models that often quickly lose their initial UV lamp "firing" ability due to loss of ESSENTIAL voltage surge needed to fire a TRUE Hot Cathode bulb. Replacing your UV bulb with an easy start cold cathode UV bulb is NOT the answer to this problem!<br>
See also this article:<br>
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html" target="_blank">
Hot Cathode vs. Cold Cathode UV Bulb; Are Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs worth purchasing</a></p>
<p><ul><li> Often symptoms are either these weak/defective/old electronic ballasts are they cannot fire a high output UV Bulb or they "blow" a high output UV bulb due to spikes or constant surges in energy, showing significant black discoloration at the base of the bulb.<br><br>
~~~~~~~~<br>
<i>See this article for some ballast diagnostic tips</i>:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVBulbTroubleShooting.html" title="UV-C Sterilizer Clarifier, Bulbs, Ballasts; Troubleshooting"><b>UV Lamp/Bulb Ballast Troubleshooting</b></a><br><br>
<i>As well, this video has tips to select the correct UV Bulb and why some are better than others, please give the video below a full viewing:</i><br>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkpDz0eSEy8" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGE1QzqOck3HNoDEZqMEHZ34reCaoLwhpmF5riL-81z-iLlEh12AQ4oxNvCx3fThM2210gUeDKj2GbTyKB4Wn0EcSL1atAiZdsP0EqMKdsIfoJAEcUwr4i_Yznhjkyp7IRRqhs/s320/uvbulbtroubleshootingvid.jpg"><br /><b>UV Bulb Review and Troubleshooting Video</b></a><br>
~~~~~~~~<br><br>
Sadly, this problem often does not show itself with old used bulbs or new inferior low output cold cathode UV lamps sold for these units.<br>
See: <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html">Long Life Cold Cathode UV bulbs, are these worth purchasing?</a><br />
The bottom line is, from my experience as well as others in the professional maintenance business, is the very poor quality ballast used by Laguna & Jebo.</li><br>
<li> The Sunterra UV Sterilizer (which is a "knock off" of the Garden Treasures) is another UV Sterilizer to avoid. Our friends in the maintenance business and elsewhere reporting ballast failures in as early as a few weeks.<br>
If you have one of these poor quality Sunterra UVs and its ballast fails, you are much better off simply replacing it with a new UV of better quality such as the TMC Pond Advantage or Vecton line.<br><br>
<li> Even the QUESTIONABLY popular <b>Coralife Turbo-Twist</b> tend to wear out their ballast circuitry in short order resulting in new "high output UV Lamps" not being able to fire.<br>
As per our sister aquarium/pond maintenance which operate dozens of Turbo Twist UVs in the 9 watt and 18 watt size (primarily the 9 watt), the Turbo Twist has a 100% failure rate within a few years that results in new UVC Bulbs failing to light or blowing existing UVC Bulbs.<br><br>
In fact based on our data (accumulated from 100s of UV Bulb uses), the Coralife 18 Watt Turbo Twist has among the highest ballast failures on any 18 Watt UV Sterilizer other than the Sunterra 18 Watt UV Sterilizer, so if you have either one of these UV Sterilizers burning out UV Bulbs prematurely, <b><i>very</b></i> high odds that the problem is with your UV Sterilizer ballast, <b><i>not</i></b> the UV-C Bulb (unless you revert to an inefficient cold cathode bulb)!<br><br>
See <a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2012/12/turbo-twist-lifeguard-uv-sterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>Turbo Twist Review</b></a> for more about the Turbo Twist.<br>
<i><b>The Bottom line is the Turbo Twist is a UV Sterilizer to avoid</i></b>, despite the anecdotal advice to purchase these in many misinformed forums or Yahoo Answers!!!<br><br>
Also <b><i>any</i></b> electronic ballast is "doomed" to fail at some point (usually even the best of electronic ballasts last only 5-8 years), and a multi-meter can test for this. For example you should check your voltage and resistance using this equipment.</li><br>
<li> It is noteworthy that a new UV Replacement Lamp/Bulb will not start on a weak or failed ballast, especially high intensity UV Bulbs when often a used or low quality/low intensity bulb will still fire, <i>this due to the inability to provide the proper high surge voltage to fire an high efficiency UV bulb!!</i><br><br>
Also, when a UV Sterilizer ballast fails or partly fails, it can be too weak to light the UV Sterilizer and can also fail to control the current and become too strong and allow a surge of electricity that blows the UV Bulb/Lamp making this lamp useless for further use. <br>
This is especially common with many Pond UVs that have poorly protected ballasts such as the certain Laguna models and Pondmaster submersible.<br><br>
Further Reference: <br>
<a href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2011/10/electonic-uv-sterilizer-ballasts-lamp.html" target="_blank"><b>Electronic UV Sterilizer Ballasts; Lamp Problems</b></a><br><br>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Premium High Dwell Time Pond or Aquarium UV Unit"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikCrlngocIRyZ2GP3-xplopkug5yiT1NyP45D4UkT7113OJUn-E1A4Jh808m5CFil3Zkgc7D0iyVScJbgdi7NhzvLATgBtvbJvqhU6JgqB5DGH2aKYDEPmkD5Ba3TMIrtCjZKa/s320/tmcuv2tn3.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Premium High Dwell Time Pond or Aquarium UV, Problems Review"></a><b><i>IN SUMMARY</i></b>, and while this may seem like a sales push, I ONLY use for my clients what works best (which in the long term creates less hassles for me); IF you have ANY OF THE ABOVE UV STERILIZERS; especially the extremely problematic Jebo, Turbo Twist, Pondmaster Submersible, & Sunterra; I would strongly recommend replacing you Ultraviolet Sterilizer with one that is known Internationally for their quality and high efficiency; the TMC Vecton or Advantage Premium, High Dwell Time UV Sterilizers!</p>
See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank"><b>TMC Vecton & Advantage UV Sterilizers</b></a></li></ul></p>
<p><b><i>Finally,</i></b> the low output cold cathode UV bulbs supplied by some of these before mentioned UV Sterilizers may work when a high output hot cathode bulb does not work.<br>
HOWEVER these are of <i><b>much lower UV efficiency</i></b> and therefore provide NO level 1 UV Sterilization. <br />
Continuing to use one of these low efficiency UV Bulbs when a hot cathode UV bulb no longer works simply <b><i>defeats the purpose of having a UV Sterilizer in the first place</i></b>!!!</p>
<p>Much more information about these last three points (& more) can be found in this article:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="UVC Sterilization, facts & researched information"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBSwquzAy8ZvT7-FNxS1CGa6daFD5QC8JqHx2Q5qK8MZ_1MvVh3iEnJ6vmj76o92LOtsDAXFWLvaLqteI0GbayJGQh2zYexLk8frhLD7k_2JJzqp83cU-SdDgvQ2nj6UNJNUGi/s320/uvsterilizationbannertn.jpg"><br><b>Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Use; Facts & Information</b></a></p>
<p><b>OTHER RESOURCES:</b></p>
<p>*<a href="https://www.uv-diagrams.com/"><b>Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilizer Diagrams</b></a></p>
*<a href="https://aap.atrixnet.com/?page_id=74" target="_blank"><b>UV Replacement Bulb Guide, resources</b></a>/p>
<p>For an informative and friendly Aquarium Forum with a family atmosphere, consider this forum:<br>
*<b><a href="https://www.everything-aquatic.com/" title="Aquarium Forum">Everything Aquatic Aquarium Forum</a></b></p>
<p>By Steven Wright</p>
<hr>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-45163537293970541592009-11-16T12:58:00.006-08:002019-01-02T12:04:06.806-08:00Aquarium or Pond Green Water Control; UV Sterilizer<script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/11/aquarium-green-water.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<span ><b>Pictures of an UV Sterilizer System for the Clarification Green or Cloudy Water in Aquariums</b></span><br />
Updated 1-2-19<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title=""><img border="0" hspace="5" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC8b-BdjFCmg75-a5HsDzCXQgdIVezLmadkwIAP4NcPQWPYhHJ7r70_lp-MxuiaY6AP53ieiJDmsmEnicIYZaZCXUkhqQsWq-5ehjNHIOfBRaQDePFjiSf9yRqg81-X5pCkDqx/s200/V2+Vecton+8+watt.jpg" align="left" alt="Vecton 8 Watt Category A Aquarium UV Sterilizer"></a>This is a basic post that more entails the use of pictures that were provided to me courtesy Paul Phillips to demonstrate via photos the progress of tank water clarification with the use of an AAP Custom 15 Watt UV Sterilizer/Clarifier (no longer built).<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="">Premium Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizers</a><br /><br />
Before I proceed, I should note that this is not limited to the use of the custom 15 Watt UV, as any well made UV can perform green water control, however level 1 UV Sterilization (what I recommend) and level 2 UV Sterilization often requires better equipment, installation and flow rates.<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html#flowtable" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilization, Flow Rate Table for level 1, 2, green water">Levels of Sterilization</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Tropic Marine Center Professional UV Sterilizers, Pond Clarifier"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiimm0TBRdBeBYvCU_lCsn9tIo9FXHRRSZRjjngxRpyW9ZbXD4dBoZ0TlGdjGpRXxP4eKwPafwZ5qvf3TuySSm5VSE1Rn6KrcX8LSTEKBctH6lUWjkkg3DjOpUW4T0Wwh4OaSD1/s180/Pond+Advantage+36months.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" title="Tropic Marine Center Professional UV Sterilizers, Pond Clarifier for green water"></a>Sadly much of the UV equipment now being sold can at best perform green water control, not the more effective level one sterilization.
Besides the before mentioned UV Sterilizer, consider the premium <b>TMC Vecton/Pond Advantage</b> line of UV Sterilizers as these not only are durable, but bluntly the best non commercial Pond Green Water Control UV Clarifiers</b> at any price.<br />
What is noteworthy is even if green water clarification is all you are looking for, a true UV Sterilizer will clear and maintain green water much more quickly. It is also noteworthy that most UV Clarifiers are of much lower quality build and only use medium pressure UV lamps which have only a 7% UVC output; so when one compares the price and effectiveness over just three years, the savings for one of these cheapie Amazon or eBay UV Clarifiers quickly fades away compared to a true quality True UV Sterilizer such as the Vecton or Advantage!!<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title=""><b>TMC Vecton, Advantage Aquarium, Pond UV Sterilizer</b></a><br /><br />
<span ><i>Please Click on all Pictures to enlarge for a better view</i></span><br /><br />
The first picture demonstrates his aquarium system showing the intake adapter, return adapter, the power head/pump, and the TMC UV Sterilizer under the aquarium.<br /><br />
I would also suggest the use of a Pre filter such as the API Filter Max #3 (or a Sponge Filter such as the API Hydro Sponge #3) for improved UV Sterilization as this lowers debris/turbidity in the water column which in turn improves the effectiveness of the UV Sterilizer. Other than the lack of a form of pre-filtration, this is an excellent set up.<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/phillipsuvclear3.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgefRqmsJd1V0T8u0MrND2TFbMb0nm5zxyrqro4Xvx3Nk2-It_2ibLrhbzJGIM7fdCuauZgdI3H5sq10HFmGKpMOxWxIdm68Nbh1dJ7ESrmd7S6Z3K7ZosH2MR8SXgbUvf9rRUj/s320/Phillips-UV-Clear-3-TN.jpg" alt="UV Sterilizer Aquarium Set Up"></a><br /><br />
This second picture demonstrates a before and after of this aquarium with the application of the UV Sterilizer:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/phillipsuvclear2.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3WIn4WG4wKHjS-v-1yItE8-mRwKNRzikyoNMM4dLHYbAFynZFyDhtriwcHMK2EU5SldITTcY44ok9-8Ewicr4qnIDNOhKmsJ-Rmtyw0Um4dGwPyps-zdip7C77qAXGGIpDIgq/s320/Phillips-UV-Clear-2-TN.jpg" alt="Green Water Freshwater Aquarium, before and after UV Sterilizer"></a><br /><br />
This final photo demonstrates a day 1 through day 7 view of this same aquarium when viewed from the side panel (this view is through a 48 inch column of water and thus will show any cloudy/green water more readily):<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/phillipsuvclear1.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5gE1yLbQjTMHpBWsmk6W-f_Sovw6L3luOsCAGYEb_dEO1NWP3L5G_kW2HV_SivX4PwFttn0LNth2gAuendAs74Eg5C586jLiW9mA_z75wij-m1degamXHCQ_yW-h2G9LjY473/s320/Phillips-UV-Clear-1-TN.jpg" alt="Side View of Green, Cloudy Water Aquarium, Day 1 through 7 with UV Sterilizer"></a><br /><br />
As a final note, to maintain the effectiveness of this or any UV Sterilizer, the aquarium keeper should change the UV Bulb every six months; in this particular UV Sterilizer the required bulb is the <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank" title="Straight Tube 15 Watt UVC light bulbs">G15T8 UV Bulb</a><br /><br />
I would also suggest reading this article in the section dealing with Cloudy & Green Water for other suggestions and causes of Green/Cloudy Water in freshwater aquariums:<br />
<b><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Basic_Aquarium_Principles.html" target="_blank" title="Aquarium, Substrate, Filters, Cycling, Heater, Water Conditioning, Freshwater Lights, Fish Acclimation, Feeding, Cleaning, Chemistry">Basic Freshwater Aquarium Care</a></b><br /><br />
Further Reading for dealing with sick aquarium fish:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLGvLMiLE_zdgbz_6HMysdvhgkq-oHAl5JCQL9G8MU0lAYgobU3nrjFf4MGuy-zxUWNlz4pclOGe7xK4p6SL_r66Uvczt5KE9X49w6furERcew56WMVk2QB-9jtw0dCw3gydqq/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a><br /><br />
Clear Aquarium, Clear Pond, Cloudy Aquarium, Cloudy Pond, Cloudy, Green Aquarium, Green Pond, Green Water, internal uv sterilizer, TMC Advantage UV Sterilizer, Vecton, Green Pond Water, UV Clarifier<br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-83813425797478943182009-10-13T09:14:00.001-07:002015-12-23T15:00:17.374-08:00UV-C Air Purifers, Surface Disinfection, Ozone<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/10/uvc-air-purifers.html" show_faces="true" width="350" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<font size="3"><b>Use of UVC for Home or Office Air Purification & Surface Sterilization as well reasons Ozone producing Purifiers are not recommended.<br /><br />
Sections:</b></font><ul><li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#table">UV-C Irradiation Pathogen Table</a></li><li><a href="#ozone">Ozone Production</a></li><li><a href="#types">Home/Business Purifier Types</a></li></ul><br />
Updated 3/5/15<br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src=" https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTy551m3jwhxkmH4xjMN1uzLZ_85SSXSEUELlvGmrPrfHQWSWhzqBr93jZlb1RowFFhwrb5afFjxNKPWKUq_RKC8wHsVjy8dvtT3ZJBc40Ruz7u5IVzzp1eJQf33lon0Y4Pr7j/s320/ionicbreeze.jpg" alt="Sharper Image Ionic Breeze" align="left"></a><a name="overview"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>Overview</b></font></h3> Although most of the posts/articles in this weblog are aimed at Aquarium and Pond use of UV Sterilization/Purification, I think some time should be spent on another application for UVC radiation, especially with the onset of Flu season (including the H1N1 flu virus; AKA “the Swine Flu”). Hospitals have been employing UVC air purification systems for years do to their effectiveness in checking the spread of air borne pathogens.<br />
Another pathogen generally spread by air is Tuberculosis; a person with Tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs or larynx can release droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the air by coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing. These droplets, called droplet nuclei, can cause TB infection if inhaled by anyone who shares air with the person who has Tuberculosis.<br /><br />
The influenza virus is actually one of the more easily destroyed pathogens by UV Radiation with only 6600 mW/cm2 required to kill this virus. Put simply, a 9 Watt UV bulb can kill this virus with an exposure time of 5.68 seconds.<br /><br />
See this article for further information about mW/cm2:<br /> <a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/03/uvc-watts-microwatts.html" target="_blank" title="UV Sterilizer Articles, UVC, Watts, Microwatts, Joules, & light penetration">http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/03/uvc-watts-microwatts.html</a>.<br /><br />
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This makes for a very simple way of destroying many harmful pathogens in the home or office with an air purifier equipped with UVC bulbs.<br /><br />
<a name="table"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>Here are a few other pathogens and the required amount of UVC Iradiation (given in mW/cm2):</b></font></h3>
<a href><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHVjQfbfTu9gxpgWSYCu1gM32sKOYp8TEP_PWBubEwwCNwb8FYejkH9EhZ8LMEC8UtJhQopYYrdMr6PAeDquzA2g9wLzg4Y-_Cs3mwG3kHp2FwJANC-VloTiR0LQOCI4AA5MAn/s320/UVC-Pathogens-table.jpg" alt="UVC Pathogen kill in mW/cm2"></a><br /><br />
This list is far from a complete list, as it is only intended to convey what the addition of UVC to an air (or even water) purification system can do for your home or office.<br /><br />
<a name="ozone"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>Ozone Production;</b></font></h3><br />
Generally most new Air Purifiers use non-ozone producing UVC bulbs; in fact the State of California has banned ozone producing air purifiers.<br />
Please reference this article: <a href=" http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ozone.htm" target="_blank">http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/ozone.htm</a><br /><br />
However I should note that many air purifier manufacturers have switched to non-ozone producing UV bulbs (the <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" target="_blank" title="">aquarium/pond UV</a> manufacturers have used non ozone producing UV bulbs as long as I have been in the industry). So if your air purifier is on the list of potentially hazardous units, chances are it is no longer is using ozone producing UVC bulbs.<br />
If you have an older unit (such as older Bio-Zone, King Air, Eco-Quest & many others) that may employ the ozone producing bulbs, I would suggest simply switching these bulbs out with a new non ozone producing UV Bulb.<br /><br />
I would add as to ozone production and some of the negative reviews of some air purifiers; these reviews are all old and based on models that used ozone producing UV Bulbs from what I have read. My thought is that these headaches some complained of were due to ozone production. Headaches cannot be caused by contained non-ozone UVC purifiers.<br /><br />
Please also reference this article (below) for more information as to why you should <b><i>not</i></b> purchase an Ozone producing purifier or replace your UV-C Lamp with an ozone producing lamp:<br />
<a href="http://www.calutech.com/ozone-air-purifier.htm" target="_blank"> “Ozone Purifiers Research References”</a><br /><br />
Sadly many replacement bulb sellers or even purifier manufacturers still sell ozone producing <a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" target="_blank" title="UV Bulb">UV-C Lamps</a>, even many consumers strangely demand these UV-C Ozone producing bulbs (to me this is like demanding the sale of carbon monoxide suicide machines for ones home?).<br />
In fact here is a quote from the website of a seller of the BioZone Air Purifer:<br />
<font color="006600"><i>"Please Note: This air cleaner does not meet California requirements and cannot be shipped to California."</i></font>.<br />
If this does not speak volumes, I do not know what does!<br /><br />
<a name="types"></a><h3><font size="2"><b>Types;</b></font></h3><br />
The two most common types are the stand alone air purifier that employs UVC radiation in a shielded area of the unit or the in-Duct UV Air purifier that fits simply into most home or office air or ventilation systems.<br /><br />
The Sharper Image Ionic Breeze Air Purifier (pictured at the top of this article) has been around for some time, and employs a common 15 watt T8 UV bulb, however this unit has mixed reviews from many.<br />
<a href=" http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank" title="">Straight tube Sharper Image 15 Watt UV Bulbs</a><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src=" https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtdDYKLcdG-QZ3QJVCjpavLZL_gAUzBLyKxwgNmnfRLS7XKuhHB3TS9pNBaaFfpUWHdthUgT9IUELU4thNJWkO_Cgqtbh9qAq_FS3Ca-rzqH9AShCvy8fmTGl54isPghIlb-Un/s320/Bio-Zone-3000-1500.jpg" alt="Bio Zone 3000 and in duct air purifier" align="left"></a>Bio zone makes several popular models of stand alone air purifiers and in duct air purifiers (pictured to the left).<br />
Popular models include the 1000, 2000, & 3000 Air Purifiers along with the 1500 and 2500 in duct purifiers.
Most Bio zone products employ a T5 10 Watt UV Bulb.<br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src=" https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQgEqm6ip4fjbSm4uSZ4P3euP49-0499VeW9a8daarDDUTLeGawlmFddyR-IDFeNxUe26YxUBWgUv4hrSP7xc8DaqFbitZleKFZPJdtCJpqL3NMMRcUEwayZ3NTZFpNi4h33IY/s320/CaluTech-UV-2.jpg" alt="CaluTech in duct UV air purifier" align="left"></a>Another popular air purifier is the CaluTech “Blue” and Mini in-duct air purifiers. These in duct purifiers are simple to install and the three most popular models employ either the 18 Watt Twin Tube UV bulb (Mini), the 36 Watt Twin Tube UV bulb (original “Blue”), or the 55 Watt Twin Tube UV bulb (Blueray Super Output UV Air Purifier).<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
UV Bulb Replacements:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank" title="">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html</a> <br /><br /><br />
The picture below demonstrates and air duct before and after the installation of an in-duct UV purifier as per black mold (the left side is before, the right side is after):<br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcFlClWUXCQD8otmlzbvoA29tZtvYvRTNRcCPNAjTLWfnXs486ci67QHxTfv9oJSsNdQba6Acx_yujCro6xwfNZ6cE9bb7KiIrvx3gdk24PZoXXFP0VWiuPUdJijtSo6Z5fiMy/s320/UVC-Air-Duct-Diagram.jpg" alt="Mold elimination picture with use of UVC"></a><br /><br />
<b>Another device growing in popularity for home (& restaurant too) is the "Pocket Purifier"</b>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PocketPurifier.html" target="_blank" title="surface sterilization without harmful chemicals"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMh2qkwLU_eL3aE2FWiHZoh-lioDy-nzy8k8J4pju5nEocMLimDeocL0mFORK4-TSJ429uEYy4zzy1_B55ER5qY9TC1mW2YhpN9QzdVCDVBvNhenevVts4tr9cpP1YK-40rpHo/s250/pocketpurifier1.jpg" align="left"></a><br /><br />
The Purely Pocket Purifier has a built-in UVC light bulb (lamp) that when turned on and exposed to surface areas or items needing to be disinfected/purified, will destroy the germs and bacteria killing their DNA, and preventing them from reproducing and growing.<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PocketPurifier.html" target="_blank" title="">Purchase a Pocket Purifier</a><br /><br /><br /><br />
<b>References:</b><br /><br />
*<a href="http://uvairpurifiers.com/" target="_blank">http://uvairpurifiers.com/</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanairandwater.com/uv_facts/tb_uv.htm" target="_blank">http://www.americanairandwater.com/uv_facts/tb_uv.htm</a> <br />
* <a href="http://eponline.com/articles/2006/05/01/study-indoor-air-purifiers-that-produce-ozone-are-unsafe.aspx" target="_blank">Study: Indoor Air Purifiers That Produce Ozone Are Unsafe</a><br />
*<a href="http://aap.atrixnet.com/?page_id=74" title="UV Bulbs"><b>UV Replacement Bulb Reference Guide for UVC Lamps</b></a><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-20511984943564135432009-09-01T13:10:00.001-07:002019-04-06T11:17:00.758-07:00UV Sterilizer Questions/Myths Answered for Pond & Reef Aquarium<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/09/uv-sterilizer-questionsmyths-answered.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Updated 4-6-19</p>
<p><font size="3"><b>More UV Sterilizer Questions/Myths Answered</b></font></p>
<p>In this post I will answer two questions (or possibly “myths”) about the use of UV Sterilizer in Aquariums and Ponds based on email and phone questions I often get.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJD37CGCreyMEXm5eG4ZNauyuIAHslGpJt8u2IkrZbTKd8QKWd6ur1c7vO5joVH9F4-OGBvNM0L6RYg-nDay_P5VjqC5JNM1fnVg8rzjSZDr5wKewrwStBmJqaNue5f8JH6gHE/s1600/MethVsFact+copy1.png" alt="Myths versus facts in UV Sterilizer use, aquarium or pond" align="right"></a><br>
The questions are:</p>
<p>• Filter placement in relation to UV Sterilizer in ponds.<br>
• Danger of UV Sterilizers to copepods in reef aquariums.</p>
<p>Another article on sterilization in ponds:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html" title="Pond Care information including basics of using UV Sterilizers, clarifiers" target="_blank"><b>Pond Care Information</b></a></p>
<hr>
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<hr>
<p><b>(1) Question: Is the UV best placed after or before a filter in a pond?</b></p>
<p>This question is myth based as there are valid reasons for both applications. <br>
<i>However</i> based on my own use and controlled tests using UV Sterilizers with filters before, after, or not at all, the answer of using the UV Sterilizer after the filter is the better choice.</p>
<p>Let me explain further; when a UV Sterilizer/Clarifier is placed BEFORE a pond filter with no pre-filtration, you do catch “clumped” algae coming from the UV Sterilizer.<br>
This is even more noteworthy when a UV is run a flow rate over 30-35 gph per watt as this higher flow rate will generally not kill algae outright, rather “clump” the algae where it will be expelled from the UV Sterilizer into the pond water column.<br>
Otherwise, this "clumped algae" then it either falls to the bottom of the pond becoming part of the organic mulm/detritus and/or may be picked up by any existing pond pump and filter and removed.</p>
<p> This is the <i>ONLY</i> reason to place a filter after a UV Sterilizer in pond applications.</p>
<p>With previous paragraph in mind, the generally better way to utilize a filter with a UV Sterilizer is to place the filter prior to the UV Sterilizer.<br>
The reason is that turbidity in the water will lower UV Sterilizer effectiveness, and sometimes (based on my tests) to levels that render the UV Sterilizer ineffective.<br>
This often results in the misinformed comment that UV Sterilizers do not work (based on emails and phone calls).</p>
Pre-filtering the water prior to entering the Ultraviolet Sterilizer improves the function of UV Sterilizer by trapping larger particulates, thus allowing more of the UVC irradiation to reach the algae that is causing green water (this also improves destruction of disease pathogens at lower flow rates in both aquariums and ponds).<br /><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" title="G11 and G23 Base UVC lamps for Turbo Twist, Garden Treasures, Jebo, Tetra, ReSun, Cyprio, Nursery Pro, Becket, Aqua Medic, All in One, JBJ, Custom Sea Life" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTlrqULEOATWlxtGbGNNM9isYn_fyLPqX1DR2MtpUsoI7Sm9sc8fd3YP23zNbaBmZkAHVh6uTXPtxDV-WKxjhrNdsjpCwIrIEXGMCxJB2CLeSDN_t4uzlVnjtkS4C3D6kWPzfd/s320/9wattg11g23.jpg" alt="High Output UV Lamps for aquarium, pond" align="left"></a><br>
The other reason for pre-filtration of pond water is I have often have had success in initial clarification of pond water with no pre-filtration, but over time (& sometimes only a few weeks), sludge will build up in the UV Sterilizer.<br>
Often this sludge builds up in recesses around the UV Bulb or quartz sleeve, rendering the UV Sterilizer/Clarifier useless.<br>
This does not mean that pre-filtration does not prevent sludge from building, as it does not, but it most definitely slows down the accumulation of sludge, as well the time it takes to buildup sludge in your pond UV Sterilizer depends on water turbidity, algae, bio load and obviously the quality of your pre-filter.</p>
<p>Where to get:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" title="Standard UVC lamps for Aquanetics, Aqua, Fish Mate, Emperor, Laguna, Current, Hawaiian Marine, Custom Sea Life, Pondmaster, LifeGuard, TMC Pond Advantage" target="_blank">UV Bulbs; Premium High Efficiency</a> (not the low output UV lamps commonly sold on Amazon or eBay)<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/QuartzSleeveBallast.html" title="Quartz Sleeves and blasts for UV Sterilizers, clarifiers and similar devices" target="_blank">Quartz Sleeves</a><br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="TMC Professional pond UV Sterilizers, Clarifiers, 15, 25, 30 and 110 watt units" target="_blank">Pond UV Sterilizers</a></p>
<p>I should note that having both a pre-filter and a post filter (such as a DIY Bio falls or similar filter that fits into the water return prior to re-entering the pond) would be an excellent combination.</p>
<p><b>(2) Question: Will a UV Sterilizer kill off my beneficial copepod & other crustaceans colonies in my reef tank?</b></p>
<p>Although not as common a question as the previous question, it still crops up from time to time and I have much harder time understanding why otherwise quite advanced reef keeper fall for what amounts to a UV Sterilizer myth.</p>
<p>As well, my controlled studies admittedly did not include exact counts of copepods with different levels of UV Sterilization, it did show that copepod colonies when properly established never diminished with UV Sterilizer use in reef tanks.<br>
Study Reference:<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="UV Sterilization Basics, Water Flow, effect on minerals, chemicals" target="_blank">UV Sterilization Studies</a></p>
<p>There is simple explanation for this result; that is most copepods do not occupy the water column in a healthy colony.</p>
<p>What is a healthy colony?<br>
This is a matter of opinion or experience, but from my perspective a healthy colony is “housed” in <i>large</i> piles of live rock crumbles where many fish such as Mandarin Gobies will seek them out.<br>
As well if you are using a Refugium and want to be certain that all of the copepods/ crustaceans that spill out into the aquarium are not killed, then be sure your UV is on its own filter/pump and not returning water to the aquarium using the same return line as the Refugium.<br>
Finally whenever you dose your aquarium with certain live products such as live planktonic algae or infusoria, you should turn off the UV sterilizer or use a timer that is tied to certain cycles or automatic dosing.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu8JEnccCgKpMu-zV6FrVlHQ2ZIwDpWWecE5ZpNnSAq2gIV70aS3ri3mUIsKtxaq3r4glrWYV6DgiW4FVxYE9y0Pukj94jjdklvr5lFYrQAFrn1aA0f2wiBo7mkuETWG87K5LJ/s275/Ocean+Clear-2.jpg" align="left" alt="Ocean Clear Aquarium Filter" title="Ocean Clear Aquarium Filter"></a> My final comment to this amounts to another aquarium keeping myth.<br>
That is I have had clients/customers that have stood by this myth describe or show me their filter system and I have seen (or had them describe) several of these filter systems that employ micron filters (such as the Ocean Clear) that can easily trap copepods in their micron filters much more effectively than a UV Sterilizer can kill copepods.<br>
In particular adult copepods for which a UV Sterilizer would have to run well under 10 gph per watt to have any chance of destroying any “pods” that get caught in the sterilizer. </p>
<p>As well pre-filtration which should be used in any UV Sterilizer application will trap most adult copepods from entering the Sterilizer. <br>
What makes me laugh here is that these same aquarists often had healthy copepod colonies with the use of these Micron Filters.<br>
I would explain to them that if these filters did not destroy their “pod” colonies, a UV Sterilizer would not either!<br>
I should note that I am not against the use of these micron filters; in fact I think are excellent compliments to other aquarium filters, live rock, and healthy deep sand beds.</p>
<p><b>Please see this article for more about UV Sterilization and how it works:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="How UV sterilization works, this article explains the benefits and myths about aquarium and pond UV sterilization"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFkCZfEXnSQP_u7Eg-adFUkYTaH4YV0e6zoh-l-Vpqb7N4dl43BdJdFJ27xXy_0ndyo97_MnKeALWGW0oYThyphenhyphenONDp9qmCQJg1x34AilwjEzY6_YFYo4JijEvJncNiaoVj0DthW/s1600/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"><br>UV Sterilization</a></b></p>
<p>Recommended Reading:<br>
<a href="https://www.fish-as-pets.com/2014/10/common-aquarium-keeping-myths.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhNojtUCmhRG8DWCMuv73HPuIk5fMxjhyphenhyphenXzgcEba2e6yBnngB93R7PpdGHSwu_uetNSJqgVOeBZ3HeKoZvKqnsSpKDgHg0a9ISprkbdaymeZ3QY7Y-qSU3UYN-mKcj4G4bakeDA/s150/betta+shark.jpg" alt="Common Aquarium Keeping Myths"><br><b>Common Aquarium Keeping Myths </b></a><p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-68895969523487575192009-05-08T13:21:00.001-07:002014-12-08T12:56:22.914-08:00UVC Irradiation and Immune Response, Aquarium Applications<font size="3"><b>UVC irradiation and immune response</font><br />
This includes human research into BioPhotonic Therapy and UVBI Therapy </b><br /><br />
Updated 12/8/14<br /><br />
This article/post is meant to expand on my previous article “Fish Immune System and UV Sterilization”. This time utilizing information about UVC irradiation as per human studies and its affect on disease treatment and over all aquatic health. <br />
While the application to fish in aquariums/ponds is somewhat “apples to oranges” in comparison at this point in time, the implications are certainly far reaching as to the affect on Aquatic Redox and fish health.<br />
<a href="http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2008/01/fish-immune-and-uv-sterilizers.html" target="_blank" title="Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilizer Articles, Fish immune system"> http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2008/01/fish-immune-and-uv-sterilizers.html</a><br /><br />
Since most in depth research is found in human studies due to the costs involved vs. lack of funding in the aquarium keeping hobby as well as the unfortunately common anecdotal comments made about UV Sterilization made by many in the aquarium hobby that are years behind real research; one often needs to go outside the hobby to find good and cutting edge research. In fact I just recently came across this gem of a post of anecdotal bad information from an otherwise good aquatic article: <i> “For me, a UV filter is just a ‘feel good’ device and leads hobbyists into a false sense of security”</i> It is too bad that so many aquarium keepers simply refuse to do their homework, but this is likely to continue considering how lazy many persons can be at times (otherwise how can you explain the popularity of such terrible sites for aquatic information such as Yahoo Answers among many others, or directories such as DMOZ with its outdated directories).<br /><br />
The concept of BioPhotonic Therapy and UVBI Therapy was brought to my attention in an email and phone call by a researcher (Dr. Mamoon Kundi) who found me via my UV and Redox research articles.<br />
One concept is clear and that is that the use of >UVC lamps can affect both the oxidizing and reducing side of the Redox Balance equation that is so important for life.<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" target="_blank" title="How Redox relates to proper aquatic health">Information on Redox</a><br /><br />
<b>Studies in UV Irradiation</b><br /><br />
<a href><img Border="0" src=" https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoKcVUOGq743C27QbEOvPfL0QshD4JXuhg8joHoYHbchtUoBFqU1_Rp6NL0PDsHSKpWcC24tqz9mm_VgzUExUDN3KyE0Qhs2JyK0eTAXG3IBFn7fmG9osQ0SqcZ52qDgBp06cF/s320/BioPhotonic-Device.jpg" alt=" BioPhotonic, UVBI Therapy Device" align ="left"></a>In these studies, blood is irradiated (via different methods), often with very pronounced results. William Campbell Douglass, MD, who treats his patients using only alternatives and has written several books on these subjects, wrote a book called <i>Into the Light</i>, where he recommends Photoluminescence Therapy for the following conditions: <br />
• Immune deficiency problems <br />
• Viral Infections (hepatitis, respiratory, etc.) <br />
• Pneumonia <br />• Non-healing wounds and wound infections <br />
• Emphysema <br />
• Inflammatory Processes: fibrositis (inflammation of, mainly, the muscle sheath), bursitis, iritis (inflammation of the iris), pancreatitis, etc <br />
• Autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, etc. <br />
• Osteomyelitis (bacterial infection of the bone marrow) <br />
• Septicemia (virulent infection of the blood) <br />
• Cancer (experimental at present) <br />
• Peripheral vascular disease <br />
• Most vascular disease <br />
• Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of a blood vessel that results in blood clots) <br /><br /><br />
<b>Implications of this research as per aquariums/ponds</b><br />
While we as aquarium and pond keepers are not too likely to utilize these UV blood irradiation therapies on our fish, this still has implications as to how a UV Sterilizer can be an important part of ANY aquarium keeper’s (or pond keeper) filtration system in that this latest research backs up many of my own tests and research going back to the early 1990s. The implications of the affect of the UV irradiation on how it may not necessarily outright kill pathogenic microbes found in the water column, however it certainly allows for an improved fish immune system response to pathogens, which is one of my earlier findings as well (although I did not know the whys of my test results back then). The affect of UVC irradiation also has a positive affect on Aquarium Redox Balance which is also important for aquatic health.<br /><br />
It is also noteworthy that even with regular water changes, and the addition of mineral cations that both replenish the electrolytes from the reducing side of the equation, this is only a part of what the human studies indicate, and that is while the use of minerals and other antioxidants is certainly a good idea, when there are stressors such as disease pathogens, immune deficiency problems, etc. there is a need for additional ongoing Redox Reduction to counter free radicals that a UV Sterilizer provides that mineral cations cannot provide adequately.<br /><br />
The bottom line is this is just one more piece of evidence that a correctly installed UV Sterilizer should be part of every serious aquarist filtration system, especially those who keep expensive, rare, or delicate fish.<br /><br />
<b>Please read or at least glance over these referenced articles (more to come too):</b><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.bio-photonictherapy.info/Home_Page.html" target="_blank">http://www.bio-photonictherapy.info/Home_Page.html</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.oxygenhealingtherapies.com/uvb_therapy.html" target="_blank">http://www.oxygenhealingtherapies.com/uvb_therapy.html</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.healing.org/only-7.html" target="_blank">http://www.healing.org/only-7.html</a><br /><br />
As well as my <b> <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="How UV Sterilization works in aquariums and ponds">UV Sterilization Article</a><br />
& <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" title="Redox Potential, Reduction, Balance">Aquarium Redox</a></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-36385123835964413342009-03-09T08:15:00.001-07:002019-01-02T13:18:57.626-08:00UVC, Watts, Microwatts<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2009/03/uvc-watts-microwatts.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Revised: 1/2/18<br /><br />
<font size="3"><b>UVC, Watts, Microwatts, Joules, & Light Penetration</b></font><br /><br />
This article/post is intended to give some basic understanding between the relationship of watts, microwatts, joules of UVC energy and how this translates to UV Sterilizer effectiveness.<br /><br />
Please keep in mind that the diagram in this article is based on air penetration, so some extrapolation is necessary for use in water applications (which is the primary intention of this article, although the principles apply to UVC air sterilization devices as well)<br />
<a href="https://www.uv-sterilizer-directory.com/" target="_blank">UVC Air Sterilization Devices</a><br /><br />
<b>What is a Watt/Microwatt?</b><br /><br />
One Joule of energy = 1,000 milliWatt seconds = 1,000,000 microWatt seconds<br />
One joule is the amount of energy required to perform the following actions:<br /><br />
• The work done by a force of one newton traveling through a distance of one meter (a newton is the unit of force equal to the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second); <br />
• The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb* (the amount of electric charge transported by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second) through an electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt, with the symbol C•V; <br />
• The work done to produce power of one watt continuously for one second; or one watt second (compare kilowatt hour), with the symbol W•s. Thus a kilowatt hour is 3,600,000 joules or 3.6 megajoules; <br />
• The kinetic energy of a 2 kg mass moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. The energy is linear in the mass but quadratic in the velocity, being given by E = ½mv²; <br />we measure UV-C intensity in Micro-Watts that strike one square centimeter of surface area. <br />
Reference: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb" target="_blank">What is a coulomb?</a></p>
<hr>
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<hr>
<p><b>UVC Penetration;<br />
A quote from an advanced sterilization article:<br />
<a href=" http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilization; How a UV Sterilizer Works</a></b><br /><br />
<font color="006600"><i>"The emission or light intensity of a UVC germicidal light bulb is usually expressed in a term called "microwatts per square centimeter" (Mw/cm2). The maximum intensity provided by a single UV-C Bulb is at its surface.<br />
So, if we calculate the surface area of the UVC lamp and only use that area which effectively emits UVC light rays, the effective area of UVC transmission will be established. Basic mathematics will show that the surface area of a cylindrical tube is ‘pie’ D L.<br /><br />
Next extrapolate this effective area of UVC transmission as having a screen with squares 1 centimeter in size. Each of these cm2 areas now, for measurement purposes, emits a UVC lamp intensity measured in microwatts, in other words; the term microwatts/cm2. UVC light intensity decreasingly varies as the distance from the UVC light increases. <br /><br />
Put more simply (a non scientific analogy); The amount of wattage will also increase penetration, as a higher watt UV-C bulb will generally have more Mw/cm2."</i></font><br />
See this product link for high output Straight Tube UV Bulbs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank">Premium HO Straight Tube UV Lamps</a><br /><br />
<font color="006600"><i>"In my own experiments I have used 15 watt and 25 watt UVC bulbs in exactly the same unit (both were 18”), if wattage were only considered there would be a 60% increase in effectiveness, however I only observed a about a 25% increase.<br />
When I used a 30 Watt UVC bulb in a unit with over twice the exposure as the 15 Watt, the kill rate more than doubled. From my experience, <u>if you increase wattage (and Mw/cm2) you need to also increase the volume of water to maximize the higher watt bulb</u>.<br />
Experiments can also be safely conducted with standard household light bulbs to correlate penetration. For this start with a 7 watt clear bulb (such as a Christmas bulb) and place varying thicknesses of paper/ cardboard in front of the bulb and measure when penetration stops. Continue this with higher and higher wattage bulbs."</i></font><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUdbVZNnt8aOxOjsvfXQTA3UVEWeAakMxXDzdvmSBCHpvnz_M3pJshwmIZqnI5AQOwnvhr7NnbNvGSiLoC5ei-Wz9_Zhq1FpX1uFYUw4ceX20ni2qilh78iVtYOdbAyhnNgvzC/s500/uvcintensity.jpg" alt="UVC Intensity, UV Sterilizer" align="left"></a> The Diagram to the left can give a rough comparison of distance as per UVC energy as expressed by MW/cm2 in Air transmission.<br />
The dose applied by an UV-C lamp installation is a function of the lamp output, the intensity factor, and time. As an equation; Intensity x Exposure time= microwatt seconds/cm2.<br /><br />
As an example, a 9 watt UVC lamp at one inch from the lamp is found by this formula:<br />
9 x 127 = 1143 mW/cm2.<br />
Since many bacteria such as Vibrio require a UVC exposure of 6500 mW/cm2 or more, this means an exposure time of 5.68 seconds is required to kill this pathogen<br /><br /><br />
Now let me point out that even though I have published this diagram, please use this as a rough guide only, as I have found inaccuracies in it. To be more blunt; I have found the distance, wattage, and flow rate to be the MOST IMPORTANT factors in determining exposure/effectiveness. This diagram is STATIC and does NOT take into consideration the dynamics of UVC radiation penetration for which I have yet to find a good formula to demonstrate this (even in University studies).<br /><br />
What is often missing in any equations I have seen is the dynamics of water flow geometry, actual water flow, and wattage. The bottom line is to use this table and others you might find elsewhere with “a grain of salt” noting that these are static and even then are flawed when true output via wattage is taken into consideration.<br /><br />
<b>Further Reading, References, Product Resources:<br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html">UV Sterilization; How it works for Aquariums, Ponds, & more</a></b><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.rk2.com/uv-information.php" target="_blank">Harmful Pathogens: The Threat, mJ/cm2</a><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.solartanic.com/index_022.htm " target="_blank">http://www.solartanic.com/index_022.htm</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP71PGeVfC8JFFZWDNvXwxrVuDaVOQjLMVFkw4d1zNWszwGvMA6hAVtjWiSQdn7W5imWdsLcSMjpJckz0PO0L0VK2R_4jTR_PTypxkgj32nuRq-Pec_hxlCQ3SdsYOV0TXleyi/s320/uvexpertstn.jpg" alt="Aquarium UV Sterilizer Experts for lamps, bulbs"><br/><b>UV Bulb; Replacement Lamps</b></a><br />
<i>The very best UV Replacement Lamps/Bulbs at competitive prices!</i></p>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-52317543106699245912008-11-29T19:44:00.000-08:002016-01-20T17:59:27.395-08:00Aquarium UV Sterilizer Ideas; Filter Combinations, etc.<font size="3"><b>Unique Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Combinations; Sponge Filter, Power Head, Internal Filter<br />
PART ONE</b></font>
<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2010/02/aquarium-uv-sterilizer-combinations.html" show_faces="true" width="350" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone>
Updated 9/8/13<br /><br />
This post/article is intended to provide some unique (or "outside the box") combinations of different ways to connect a TRUE UV Sterilizer to an aquarium. Not one of the Internal or Hang On Back UVs flooding the market from China that can at best perform clarification, not true level one sterilization.<br />
Review of: <a href="http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2010/12/internal-uv-sterilizer-filter-pump.html" target="_blank" title="AquaTop, SunSun, Submariner, Green Killing Machine, Internal UV Sterilizer">Internal UVs</a><br /><br />
Most aquarium /pond keepers are aware of the use of canister filters or sump pumps for aquariums or pressurized filter or similar pond filters for ponds. These are the most commonly thought filters for connection of TRUE UV Sterilizers.<br /><br />
Hopefully these ideas I will present will be food for thought for those sitting on the fence as to whether a True UV Sterilizer is feasible for their pond or particularly aquarium. Even small aquarium keepers (such as a 20 gallon) miss the benefits that a UV Sterilizer provides due perceived high costs or filters that cannot accommodate a UV Sterilizer (such as a Power HOB filter like an Aqua Clear).<br /><br />
More information on:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html" target="_blank" title=""> Clear Pond Information</a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Basic_Aquarium_Principles.html" target="_blank" title="">Basic Aquarium Care</a><br /><br />
Often even a small aquarium keeper can spend more on medications or lost fish than the cost of a UV Sterilizer(& this does not even factor in the heartbreak many feel at the loss of a finned pet). This is not to say that a UV Sterilizer will stop all losses, however I can say emphatically after 30 years of testing and using UV Sterilization in many different aquariums (including controlled tests) that a properly installed and well designed UV Sterilizer will lower the incidence of disease, & increase longevity and over all health by killing many disease pathogens in the water and by improving the Aquarium/pond Redox Balance.<br />
Reference; <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" target="_blank" title="">The importance of Aquarium Redox Balance for Fish Health</a><br /><br />
An important key is "properly installed and well designed UV Sterilizer" as there are some UV Sterilizers that we have tested that have failed either in effectiveness or in reasonable longevity (such as the popular Submariner/Internal UV Sterilizers that a few stores and web sites are unfortunately promoting).
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcUglwpsetH1nTCMUFbiJeiV11Ywr2aV1t7XdtiFB4OfEsyPIfWIu0EhQxXu4JckCJ-TMIhrQyv-QLXnWSPtH6LhP3UHK78_Lh9FVedgWN6Mvn9OIJQJ9Pn1VEBou-LfnBl7b7/s320/TMC+Pond+Clear+Basics-TN.jpg" alt="Superior Design Pond UV Clarifier, Sterilizer" align="left" hspeace="5" vspace="5"></a> A well made UV Sterilizer will not be effective at flow rates over 25-30 gph per watt for Sterilization (higher for green water control). Some of the more efficient UV Sterilizers such as the TMC Pond Advantage & TMC Vecton have flow patterns that allow the highest possible flow rates while still remaining effective (Bluntly, there is not better line of UVs at any price than the TMC line for Ponds and Aquariums).
<i>See the picture to the left which displays what sets a premium high flow design UV Sterilizer apart from the rest (this is a TMC Pond Advantage 25 Watt UV Sterilizer/Clarifier)</i>.
As well, if the UV Bulbs/Lamps are not changed every six months (the quartz sleeve should also be cleaned at this time). See this website for a cross reference guide if you already have a UV Sterilizer but have failed to change the UVC Bulb in the last six months:<br />
See <b><a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" title="UV Bulb, Lamp Cross Reference Guide">http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/</a></b> for a cross reference directory of premium UV Lamps/Bulbs<br /><br />
<b>Here are a few different ways to connect a UV Sterilizer to your Aquarium or Pond (often quite cheaply too):</b><br /><br />
<font color="ff0000"><i>Please Click on most pictures to enlarge for a better view</i></font><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/hydrospongetouv.jpg" target="_blank" title="Aquarium or Pond Sponge Filter to UV Sterilizer"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxqNhW1T94VqWPGfOcmQT1Dk3wTZZ595yabFJA81cVHBiFYItQzGF2N0lUZ66DNGw2QBG3lYtXTTL8oWsrDOnMgrX8SFCOJzj8S8IHW-ArOvkDDeriLPSkUEFbXTW6fVsXm3sC/s320/hydrospongetouvtn.jpg" align="left"></a>This first combination can be used with many power heads such as the Via Aqua 1300/ SunSun HJ-1542 and Sponge Filter such as the Hydro Sponge #3 pictured here (you can also remove the base for better aesthetics, it was left on in this picture to avoid any confusion).
This combination also employs a return and intake adapter.<br />
Product References:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ViaAqua1300.html#hj1542" target="_blank">SunSun HJ-1542 Pump</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html" target="_blank">Aquarium Sponge Filters</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PlumbingParts.html#return_intake">Plumbing Parts; Return & Intake Adapters</a><br /><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/hydropondiv.jpg" height="68" width="90" align="left"></a>A larger pump such as the Rio 1100 or even the "high end" Rio HF line of Pumps can be substituted for a larger aquarium or pond, as well the Hydro Pond #4 is well design for this application too without need for adaptation for most pumps (see the small inset picture).<br />
Product References:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/RioPlusPumps.html#1100" target="_blank">Rio/Taam 1100 Pump</a><br />
*<a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/Hydropondfilter.html" target="_blank">Hydro Pond/Sump Sponge Filters</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/RioPumps.html" target="_blank">Rio HF (High Flow) Pumps</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/hydrospongetouv2.jpg" target="_blank" title="Aquarium or Pond Sponge Filter to UV Sterilizer"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOr8mtzOpcoc7gQgUsINBvGyi_F2jLycJxhyphenhyphen-ZCNNM0Ec0TbpCmPYyU12gD21dkncKYGDX4l94lju-BKxzlPWPPIrrgbA6MZdd5Tf4b8YCVcz733uLw5O6e30QOMKfjgptnuA9/s320/hydrospongetouv2tn.jpg" align="left"></a>This combination is quite straight forward for use in small aquariums (or even patio ponds that have "walls").
This picture demonstrates a SunSun JP-23 along with a Hydro Sponge #3 Filter and return and intake adapters.<br />
Obviously other power head brands can be adapted as well and although one can purchase the return/intake adapters (see the link in the previous sentence), these can also be a simple DIY project too.<br />
Product References:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PowerHeadPump.html#sunsun" target="_blank">SunSun JP-23 Power Head Pump</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html#sponge3" target="_blank" title="">Hydro Sponge #3 Filter</a><br /><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/filtermaxrio1000vectonuv.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU-ZcAaqVdT2v3kyZQUB-TiJZvkToeQKF3WXopCQzc4B_U2GAU1K-xO-U-YBdSpSqb3EcG65dIxHiktYlH2gx6M45XduYZtsG8kUnTWU4wPQunyl2Ue5LdUhb8YaClYRF2Alxx/s320/filtermaxrio1000vectonuvtn.jpg" hspace="5" align="left"></a>
Finally, this combination incorporates the premium, high dwell time Vecton UV for unsurpassed UVC Sterilization up to level 2.<br />
The picture to the left picture demonstrates a Vecton 8 Watt UV, with a Rio 1000, Filter Max #3 Pre-Filter, 5/8" Tubing, and an Intake and Return Adapter.<br />
The small valve included with the Rio 1000 can be used to slow the flow during critical times when a higher level of UV Sterilization is desired (the Rio 100, 1700 also include this valve for larger Vecton installations.<br />
<i>Please click on the picture to enlarge</i><br /><br />
This last combination is the most effective and yet it is still a very simple application for those not desiring the use of a canister filters or one of the cheap Chinese Internal UV or Hang On UV" imports flooding the market that not only are not all that reliable or durable, but can barely perform UV clarification, yet alone important <b>level one sterilization</b> (or level 2).<br />
Product References:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#vecton2" target="_blank">TMC High Dwell Time Vecton 8 Watt UV</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/RioPlusPumps.html#1000" target="_blank">Rio/Taam 1000 Pump</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PreFilter.html#fm3" target="_blank">Filter Max #3 Sponge Pre-Filter</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPumpTubing.html#tubing5_8id" target="_blank">Aquarium Tubing; 5/8" ID</a><br /><br />
Further Information, References:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html">How UVC, Ultraviolet Sterilization Works</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html">Premium Pond and Aquarium UV Clarifiers, Sterilizers</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html">Compact Lasting, UV Sterilizers</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html">UV Replacement Bulbs</a><br /><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-1466140586186885692008-09-16T11:33:00.000-07:002018-02-08T11:27:50.900-08:00UV Sterilizers and Bio Cube Aquariums or Internal Wet/Dry Bio Filters<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2008/09/bio-cube-uv-sterilizers.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Updated 9/24/13<br /><br />
The Bio Cube Aquarium is a popular style of aquarium nowadays, although I have to laugh a little here as these are highly touted as a new way to keep small marine reef aquariums or planted freshwater aquariums while in reality the basic built- wet/dry filter system is nothing new to the hobby and in fact there is a new Internal Wet/Dry Bio Filter (made by the same manufacturer in China) that is less than half the cost of many Bio Cube Aquariums WITH the cost of an aquarium. <br />
Product Link: <br />
<a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/ReSunPowerFilter.html" target="_blank" title="">http://americanaquariumproducts.com/ReSunPowerFilter.html</a><br /><br />
The ReSun BF 100 is the exact same filter/pump and can be used in (for example) a 20 gallon aquarium to turn it into a Bio Cube style aquarium.<br />
The addition of good lighting such as CFL/SHO, T2, or LED Lights are also necessary for a "higher end" or advanced aquarium.<br /><br />
For more information on these lights, please see:<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PowerCompact.html" target="_blank">High performance SHO and economy CFL aquarium lights</a></li>
<li><a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquariumbulb.html" target="_blank">Superior T2 Aquarium lights and fixtures</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquaRayLEDLighting.html" target="_blank">New Generation LED Aquarium Lighting from AquaRay/AAP</a></ul></li>
With a ReSun BF100 and your own aquarium set up the cost is often lower than many of the larger bio cube aquariums.<br /><br />
Anyway, the other point of this article/post is to point out that whether you use a Bio Cube Aquarium or a ReSun BF Wet/Dry Bio Filter, both of these filters systems lend themselves nicely (& easily) to a simple UV Sterilizer set up unlike say a HOB ("Hang on the back", Aquarium Power Filter) filter set up.<br />
The advantage of a Bio Cube/BF 100 is that you can add a UV Sterilizer too. Not only lower the incidence of diseases, but just as importantly (or maybe more importantly) improve Aquarium Redox and improve fish disease resistance.<br />
Aquarium Redox Reference Link:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" target="_blank">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html</a><br /><br />
This is easily achieved by simply purchasing additional 1/2 to 5/8 inch ID tubing and running this tubing out of the aquarium to a UV Sterilizer (a 7 watt Terminator is pictured in the diagrams) and then inserting the return tubing back into the return slot on your BF 100 or Bio Cube Aquarium.<br />
See this product link: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html#7watt" target="_blank">7 watt Terminator UV Sterilizer</a><br /><br />
<font color="ff0000">Please click on pictures below for a better view</font><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/biocubeuvsterilizer.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/biocubeuvsterilizertn.jpg" alt="Bio Cube Aquarium with UV Sterilizer" align="left"></a>
This picture shows a 5 Watt Terminator UV Sterilizer connected to a 14 gallon Bio Cube Aquarium.<br />
You can see how the tubing simply comes out of the aquarium slots in the back of the aquarium (the slots can also be enlarged with a keyhole saw) and that the UV Sterilizer hangs easily on the back. My suggestion for most Bio Cube aquariums is a 5, 7, or 9 Watt UV Sterilizer.<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/bf200uvsterilizer.jpg" target="_blank"><img src = "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/bf200uvsterilizertn.jpg" alt="Internal Wet-Dry Bio Filter with UV Sterilizer" align="left"></a> This picture shows the simple mounting of a ReSun BF 200 with a Terminator 5 Watt UV Sterilizer. As with the Bio Cube application the way you add tubing is quite straight forward and as well the 5 and 9 Watt Compact UVs or the High Performance TMC 8 Watt Vecton UV Sterilizer would also be my suggestion (the Vecton is an excellent choice for those desiring a UV Sterilizer that is second to none in Sterilization abilities & reliability).<br /><br />
As a final note, for maximum UV Sterilizer efficiency, it is important to change your UV Bulb every six months.<br />
See this product link for premium hot cathode, low pressure UV Replacement bulbs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html</a><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-77049370473362844802008-06-15T14:00:00.000-07:002015-12-23T15:10:10.411-08:00Pond UV Clarifier Tips<div id="fb-root"></div><script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2008/06/pond-uv-tips.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<font size ="3"><b>Pond UV Clarifier Tips </b></font><br />
Updated 9/6/13<br /><br />
<b>UV Clarifier/ Filter placement</b><br />
A UV Sterilizer/Clarifier works best when the UV is place AFTER the filter.<br /><br />
I know this contradicts some information I have read and this information is not necessarily wrong either, so let me explain further.<br />
By placing your Clarifier after the filter, you will remove debris that will otherwise make penetration of UVC light difficult, further more in my experience this will greatly reduce the amount of sludge buildup inside your Sterilizer/Clarifier.<br />
I will also note that the gimmicky wipers do not help much with the problem of sludge buildup.<br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP8BIy8PlFOFqDReLen9uUpW68wUYHVFuryeqmSzlNCBMhokSN4GsoiyyLd8Vpr5VLtvABSYeVD6H2mFObuJrXAxoO85FsXWKd3gbNB_Qh2RkLZXhg7rL9GJzZqJ4HXL20-D8P/s320/dirty+pond+filter.jpg" alt="Dirty Pond Filter Sponge Media, Material" align="left" hspace="5"></a>The reason some pond keepers recommend placing the filter after the UV Sterilizer is to trap algae that often clumps after passing through your clarifier, so as I noted this suggestion is not without merit.<br /><br />
However in practical experience (along with knowledge of how uvc works), I have found that in an either or situation, the first suggestion of placing the filter first allows the most efficient operation of your pond UV Clarifier/Sterilizer.<br />
This said, a pond keeper can always employ both methods for even better results, although even here I find this to make no discernible difference as to clarity, only to the amount of detritus/mulm buildup in the pond (of which controlling this via whatever means possible is certainly useful to good pond hygiene).<br /><br />
<font color="ff0000"><i>The picture above left displays a very dirty pond filter sponge media, this is what you WANT your filter to block from going into your UV Sterilizer. If this accumulated sludge were to enter your UV Clarifier, your UVs effectiveness would be severely diminished.</i></font><br /><br />
<b>Filters</b><br />This really goes without saying, but I will state the obvious (at least in my opinion, so please do not be insulted by my stating this point this way), use one OR MORE pond filters. <br /><br />
Often I have had persons tell me that they bought a UV Clarifier only to realize that the new pond keeper figured the UV Sterilizer would take care of the green pond all by itself, which often it will not.<br />
I strongly suggest a Veggie Filter in addition to a more traditional Pond Filter such as the Premium SunSun Pressurized Filter.<br /><br />
For further information about this subject, please read this article:<br />
<a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/pond-veggie-filters.html" target="_blank" title="Pond Veggie, plant filters"><b>Aquarium and Pond Answers; Veggie Filters</b></a>.<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PondAlgae.html" target="_blank" title=""><b>Pond Algae Control</b></a><br /><br />
<b>Flow Rate</b><br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html"><img src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/ponduvbypasstn2.jpg" alt="A Clear Pond information" align="left"></a> Maintain a proper flow rate to your UV Clarifier/Sterilizer either by using a slower pump or splitting the flow from your high GPH pump so as to send water to your UV at a slower rate.<br />
This is a common problem in poor UV Sterilizer installation, but easy to solve.<br />
This flow rate should be around 40-50 gph per watt for clarification in most <b>common UV Sterilizers/Clarifiers</b> or 55-65 gph per watts for premium high dwell time UV Clarifiers such as the TMC Pond Advantage.<br /><br />
<font color="ff0000">Please click on the picture above for a larger view at this complete</font><br /><br />
Please see the "Complete Information" UV Sterilization article for more about this subject: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="Ultraviolet Sterilization, pond clarification"><b>UV Sterilization; How it Works</b></a><br /><br />
More information on TMC UV Advantage:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="Premium Ultra Violet Sterilizer, Clarifier"><b>TMC Pond Advantage</b></a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html" target="_blank" title="Pond Information from filtration, circulation, bio chemistry, to UV Sterilization"><b>Pond Information Article</b></a><br /><br />
<b>Do not waste time or money on gimmicks</b><br />
I will not waste space addressing this other than stating gimmicks such as wipers or “twists” do little to improve UV Sterilization, other than lightening up your wallet.<br />
Please read this Aquarium/Pond UV Blog Post for more about this subject:<br />
<a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/pond-uv-truths.html" title="Information about UV Sterilizer wipers, twists">“UV Sterilizer Truths”</a><br /><br />
<b>Maintenance</b><br />
Clean your UV Sterilizer unit with each UV bulb change, which for a pond should be every season or every six months in warmer climates such as Southern California, Florida, Texas, etc.<br />
Make sure models with a quartz sleeve get the quartz sleeve cleaned as well, especially of hard water deposits (which wipers do little for).<br /><br />
For low price, first quality UV replacement bulbs follow these links (depending on your bulb type):<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank"><img src = "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/standarduvbulb2tn.jpg" alt="T-8 and T-5 UV replacement bulbs, 8-50 watt, Laguna, Emperor, Aqua, Fishmate, Hawaiian Marine, Savio, Gamma" align="left">Standard UV Replacement Bulbs</a> For T-5 & T-8 UV Replacement bulbs, 4 thru 55 watt; to fit Laguna, Emperor, Aqua, Aquanetics, Custom 15, Fishmate Compact, Hawaiian Marine Angstrom 2537® UV, Savio, Current USA Gamma and more.<br /><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank"><img src = "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/compactuvbasetn.jpg" alt="Compact UV Bulb, UVC replacement bulbs, 5, 7, 9, 13, 18, 36, 55 watt" align="left"> Compact UV Replacement bulbs</a> For (PLS, PLL, with G11 & G23 bases to fit 95% of UV Clarifiers/Sterilizers calling for this type of UVC bulb, please click the picture on the left.<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="High dwell pond UV Clarifiers"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgUM-UD2eqMRV21r7yOGo0Vo9Vdj2hAVQQ96ZA9Yj6Jzq29xh4zyJfhl_BYhyphenhyphenJkfwMCLa7El1LoXokfui3xyIODGI38sM5X16lTBKwXH3jLxVE5asldvDimGoCsfBXYWvraa_Y/s320/tmcuv2tn3.jpg" align="left"></a><br />
For the absolute best in high dwell pond UV Clarifiers, the <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" ><b>TMC Pond Advantage</b></a> are well worth the extra expense as per their effectiveness, long life, and availability of parts.<br /><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-84345625965437281252008-01-21T18:59:00.007-08:002019-03-10T13:17:34.375-07:00Fish Immune Health and UV Sterilizers<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2008/01/fish-immune-and-uv-sterilizers.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Updated 3-10-19</p>
<h1><font size="3"><b>Fish Immune System (Including Anti-inflammatory), Redox, Oxidation, and UV Sterilization</b></font></h1>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwX32mJeT-YxSReJ1i0R_lWv3PqaZmN-0GK3Hl3DWfW7nHG68mi8r0n0xiTLMGB8Y52WxLZqHnUb_iOfrcpFzyOOtq3NEZmLa4GArgMU9c17ShdmQeFJB-YNg0QDia8HvgcbYk/s1600-h/Multiple-UV-Sterilizer-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5158131233531472690" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="UV Sterilizers, Terminator, Custom, Gamma" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwX32mJeT-YxSReJ1i0R_lWv3PqaZmN-0GK3Hl3DWfW7nHG68mi8r0n0xiTLMGB8Y52WxLZqHnUb_iOfrcpFzyOOtq3NEZmLa4GArgMU9c17ShdmQeFJB-YNg0QDia8HvgcbYk/s320/Multiple-UV-Sterilizer-2.jpg" border="0" /></a></p><br>
<p>I have seen many comments posted in various places on the internet claiming that running a UV Sterilizer 24/7 will weaken the immune system in fish in part by creating a sterile environment.<br />
I have tried to find more information as to how this myth got its start and the best I can come up with is that many are equating UVC radiation (emitted in UV Sterilizers) to Ozone produced by Ozone Generators.</p><br><br>
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</script></p>
<hr>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjydsm35_w8hBfqhMdAsAmjkH4V7aWnh5YK5NoVBIz9IHl-2mD4gnOwzPd6hUGPZ7nEN9ErFDLJcQ-58102cv0JEJ2kCNMUR1VbZCoBtUFzY7_d08kkKJiTOjhyphenhyphenO2ThhH1GRO5M/s1600-h/Ozone+Generator.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5158130842689448738" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="Aquarium Ozone Generator" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjydsm35_w8hBfqhMdAsAmjkH4V7aWnh5YK5NoVBIz9IHl-2mD4gnOwzPd6hUGPZ7nEN9ErFDLJcQ-58102cv0JEJ2kCNMUR1VbZCoBtUFzY7_d08kkKJiTOjhyphenhyphenO2ThhH1GRO5M/s320/Ozone+Generator.jpg" border="0" /></a>First even though I have not found an Ozone Generator as effective as most UV Sterilizers for disease control (& Redox), even then when properly used the Ozone is not added to the aquarium.<br />
However more importantly is that a UV Sterilizer keeps ALL UVC irradiation inside the unit and this reaction actually breaks apart free radicals and other oxidizers such as Ozone (similar to the reaction of Ozone and UV light energy in the upper atmosphere of Earth).</p>
<p>What is most important to note is that a properly installed UV Sterilizer will IMPROVE a fish’ immune system by creating a better Reducing Redox environment in the aquarium after water has passed through the sterilizer (providing it is a reasonably good unit such as the TMC Vecton/ Advantage UV Sterilizer, the AAP/SunSun Quality Compacts or other higher efficiency, UV Sterilizers.</p>
<p>See these product resource links:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html"target="_blank">AAP/TMC Premium High Dwell Time UV Sterilizers for Aquarium & Ponds(Category A)</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">AAP Compact UV Sterilizers/Clarifier (Category B)</a><br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/OzoneGenerator.html" target="_Blank">TMC Next Generation Ozone Generator from AAP</a></p>
<p>Here is a quote from <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" target="_blank" title="Redox Potential in Aquariums, ORP">"Aquarium Redox Potential"</a>:<br>
"A proper Redox Potential improves the health of humans AND fish. A Redox Potential in the +125 to -200 mV range in human studies has been shown to have the same affect as anti-oxidant preparations such Vitamin C". <br>
As well, a Category A or B UV Sterilizer improves Redox Balance via COSTANT removal of oxidizers in the water column thus DIRECTLT lowering oxidative stress in fish.</p>
<p>This picture of a controlled test where by an oxidizer (Potassium Permanganate) is added to the water demonstrates this ability. The control tank retains the color of the Potassium Permanganate much longer than the tank with just Category B UV Sterilization ('Category A' Sterilization will clear it even quicker, although few aquarium/pond UVs are 'Category A' any more with the AAP Vecton/Advantage one of only a couple of brands):<br>
<center><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwBycSvATmrPFHSBTGH1yCMFpD1nDwJAvF1hrTTxao4b7hidh9bZRwGPdKNzbxOLLUuQOcThG43emcFDnRhJ3LkRxTh09ItFenh-X75eOCnd5giOqf_XiuBgDk3ZXtqhb_aqe7/s700/UV-Redox+-Oxidizers.jpg" alt="Aquarium UV Sterilizer lowering oxidative stress in fish"></a></center></p>
<p>In medical studies the enhanced oxidizing environment can facilitate the binding of pathogens or antigens to effector cells (a type of lymphocyte that are actively engaged in secreting antibodies) leading to a hyper-responsive innate immune system.<br>
Previous work has shown that an oxidizing environment leads to enhanced release of super-oxide and nitric oxide, activation and translocation of nuclear transcription factor and enhanced production of cytokines (proteins and peptides that are signaling compounds produced by animal cells to communicate with one another). The creation of a markedly reduced environment by addition of antioxidants blunts all of the above primary responses of the innate immune system."</p>
<p>In studies using human blood therapy, the use of UVC to irradiate blood, these are just a few of the findings:<br>
*Improved circulation and oxygenation of tissues <br>
*Anti-inflammatory effects <br>
*Stimulation of the Immune System <br>
*Increased Tolerance of the body to Chemotherapy and Radiation <br>
*Cardiovascular protection <br>
*Powerful Anti-Infection Properties <br>
See this article for more: <a href="http://www.oxygenhealingtherapies.com/uvb_therapy.html" target="_blank">Oxygen Healing Therapies with UVC</a> </p>
<p>It should also be noted that a True UV Sterilizer cannot create a sterile environment as it cannot reach all aspects of the aquarium such as gravel, filter media, and the fish internally!</p>
<p>It is unfortunate that these false statements are still widely circulated, I recommend reading this article about UV Sterilization for more:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">Ultraviolet Sterilization in Aquariums and Ponds</a></p>
<p>Or this article about Aquarium Redox:<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Redox_Potential.html" title="Redox Potential in Aquariums, ORP" target="_blank">Aquarium Redox Potential</a></p>
<p>Or even this article about Aquarium Calcium, GH, KH, pH (as this is also an important aspect as well to a healthy fish immune system):<br>
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumKH.html" target="_blank">AQUARIUM CHEMISTRY</a></p>
<p>Finally, if you have a properly set-up aquarium or pond UV Sterilizer, it is important that you change your <b>UV-C Bulb</b> once per six months for most aquarium applications and once per year for most pond application (six months in warm year round ponds).<br>
See this High output UVC bulb product resource link: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">PREMIUM High Output UV Lamps/Bulbs for Aquarium/Pond</a></p><br>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-60957153712378200082007-12-24T09:59:00.003-08:002019-01-02T13:51:59.425-08:00How UV Lamps, Bulbs Work; Low/Medium Pressure, Coatings<script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2007/12/uv-lamps.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Updated 1/2/19<br /><br />
<font size="3">UV (UVC) Lamps (Bulbs) used in Aquariums and Ponds and how they work.</font><br /><br />
Recommended further reading:<br />
<font size="3"><b><a href="http://www.uvsterilizerreview.com/2013/10/actual-uv-c-emission-from-uv-bulb.html" target="_blank">Actual UV-C Emission from a UV Bulb; Aquarium or Pond</a></b></font><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank" title="UV Bulb, Lamp, Light Replacement"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbxblxJqA5gQFMkug7e70bYOer1nVG_83pqh649BiczppdM3Gf100oEtl_cfIJRQAhaZftM66WvLMJpcExKe8CDMJax21JwEMyiUT9w_-MUswzge9KPWU5-N2-stao2WdcfpVv/s320/18wattg11tn.jpg" alt="18 Watt G11 High Output UV Lamp" hspace="5" align="left"></a> This post is primarily dealing with UV bulbs(or lamps), that emit UVC radiation.<br />
These UV lamps to be referenced here are used in the Aquarium/Pond Industry. I will discuss other UV bulb types as well, since these may someday show up in the Aquarium/pond Industry. <br /><br />
There are two common UVC emitting lamps types currently employed for pond or aquarium UV Sterilization: the low pressure and the medium pressure mercury lamp.<br />
<a href="http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com/" target="_blank" title="UV Bulb Guide">http://www.uvreplacmentbulbs.com</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/T5T8UVBulbs.html" target="_blank" title="4 Watt UV Bulb, Lamp, Light Replacement"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnPIVv34lbxAzKfbENmWQjt_lVYFtrZvuQmp7l5n7a9uvDp5aFAJ_eZniHCMziQkVbW7udy1EtQ_SH0debPhseVJzWYMy9mQbW9vU0JB20hyphenhyphen-QK7a6YniFSpsjjMnkwO9pHlGx/s320/g4t5tn.jpg" alt="G4T8 Straight Tube High Output UV Lamp" hspace="5" align="left"></a> <i><b>*The low pressure lamp</i></b> emits its radiant energy between 250-260 NM which is where UV Sterilization is most effective with a UVC efficiency of about 38- 95%.<br />
The emission peak of the Mercury electron transition within these low pressure (hot cathode) UV lamps is fixed in both energy and wavelength.<br /><br />
<i><b>*The medium pressure lamp</i></b> emits its radiant energy between 250 and 350 with many energy spikes in between (most notably around 320 which is more in the UVB range) with a UVC efficiency around 7-15%. <br /><br />
CAUTION: Many Medium-Pressure UV bulb/lamp manufacturers incorrectly boast that the broad UV spectral output of these lamps is more effective, which in reality is the exact opposite!!<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/uvlamplphp.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqG-kBLnSm_ucUseJMtESfITFVuL1wt-pFTz6MSfcqndPpnnC2kz4b2dOqaYepwwma0JvoUGCQ3TjpBJxR4ik1DxviQAYgOYO2FDFM18EK8oCsgeGHAfYGHXI8L-lpfuq62dW/s450/uvlamplphp.jpg" alt="low and medium pressure, uv bulb, lamp comparison"></a><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="Tropic Marine Center Premium UV Sterilizer, Clarifier"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9l0H08Mido-w6r7foFzG8_8516Ah210z_Fv7HK-QQEqpgrgeA4l5eWX12CwsSSaJkk4dIVpXuuPFHkVEWuuzo70kt5AoyAikMfLJlRfiPccdhELN8PZXljF9uhggcKF-NNYEx/s320/tmcuv2tn2.jpg" hspace="5" alt="Best UV Sterilizer for aquarium, pond" title="Best UV Sterilizer for aquarium, pond" align="left"></a> The low pressure lamp used by most all Premium Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilizers (not always the low end UVs such as Jebo & AquaTop) is clearly the better choice based on this information.<br />
The low pressure lamp does have one flaw which the medium pressure lamp does not suffer from and that is the low pressure lamp is affected by water (or air) temperatures and operates best between 20 C (68 F) and 40 C (104 F).<br /> Generally this is not a major concern considering most aquarists operate their aquariums well within this range. With ponds, this is still not a major concern in that most problems, including algae occur in warmer months. This problem can be also addressed with in-line heaters to pre-warm the water. <br /><br />
Many UV Sterilizers come with quartz sleeves which form an air pocket between the lamps and water that in theory increases operating temperatures.<br />
HOWEVER my own tests have shown this improvement to be nominal at best especially when compared to a well designed direct contact UV Sterilizer.<br />
In a test with a custom 15 Watt UV Sterilizer and a 13 Watt Quartz sleeve UV Sterilizer (a well designed one at that), the increase in temperate was only 2 degrees F (I have observed up to 5 degrees depending on the units compared).<br />
This test started at 68 F and was conducted over 15 minutes, then water was removed from the units and the temperature measured. Unfortunately the quartz sleeve is accepted as a standard that sounds great in theory, but in practicality is not a significant improvement in most applications (I would recommend them in some applications such as Lobster tanks, but even here a pre-heater would also be recommended).<br /><br />
Please see references for which sterilizers used in this test:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/15WattUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="Custom direct contact UV Sterilizer">Custom 15 Watt UV Sterilizer</a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank" title="Terminator UV Sterilizers">13 Watt Quartz sleeve UV Sterilizer</a><br /><br />
Please see this article for much more about UV Sterilization:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="Aquatic UV Sterilization"><b>ULTRAVIOLET STERILIZATION (How UV sterilization works)</b></a><br />
This article explains the benefits and myths about aquarium and pond uv sterilization<br /><br /><br />
<b>Chemical Coating in UV Lamps/Bulbs</b><br /><br />
<a><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxjefG56ptUNA1snxMj_8mZU8-zQPczOeCTDC4P77ftAGBTEpHJ7WtAeJa3MjGBA4l4czpBNnJjy5oL7mv_XWRJYwMQFNabRNv_VRIcuz6YuExv6gMVVW_jcb-qXvepxZToW_s/s320/UV+Lamp-Coated.JPG" alt="Chemical coating on UV Lamp, Bulb" hspace="5" align="left"></a>
A few companies now provide a coating that they claim extend lamp output and lamp life.
I have serious doubts to these claims based on the fact the emission peak of the Mercury electron transition is fixed in both energy and wavelength and I don't think coatings can emit additional UV to any advantage. Coatings usually capture UV and convert the emission wavelength via further energy transitions to some visible part of the spectrum, perhaps with several spectral peaks depending upon the composition of the coating.<br /><br />
One such company, Emperor Aquatics, makes the claim that their UV Lamps feature an internal chemical coating that provides added resistance to solarization.<br />
This company uses a picture of a new bulb/lamp with the coating and a one without.
HOWEVER I in my 30 + years have never witnessed the degradation shown in this picture, and I suspect that Emperor Aquatics is using an Ozone producing UV bulb/lamp to make their point.<br />
I stand by my experience that these coatings are simply a gimmick to charge more for their proprietary UV Bulbs<br /><br />
<b>UV Lamps/Bulbs Starting</b><br /><br />
Another aspect of UV lamps that should be noted is how they function or start. Most quality UV lamps commonly used are Hot Cathode (low pressure) UV lamps. The Hot Cathode Germicidal UV Lamps are similar in their operation to the standard fluorescent lamps.<br />
The Hot Cathode lamp operates from a ballast or transformer and requires a device such as the glow switch starter to preheat the electrodes in order to start the lamp. The electrodes, located at the ends of the lamp, are tungsten filaments coated with emission material and, under normal operation, govern the life of the lamp. In view of the fact that the life of the electrodes is shortened by frequent starts, the lamp life is rated according to the number of times the lamp is started. <br /><br />
<i><b>Operation at low temperatures may result in excessive lamp blackening</i></b> and rapid depreciation in ultraviolet 'C' output. <br /><br />
See Also this related post:<br />
<a href="http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2011/04/long-life-uv-bulbs-are-these-worth.html" title="Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs, are these Low Output Lamps worth purchasing"><b>Long Life, Easy Start UV Bulbs</b></a><br /><br />
<b><i>References:</b></i><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Use</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanairandwater.com/lamps.htm" target="_blank">UV Lamps & UVC Lamp Types</a><br />
*<a href="https://aap.atrixnet.com/?p=64" target="_blank">UV-C Bulb Specifications; Aquarium and Pond</a>
<br /><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19334989.post-56457377949785755062007-12-11T11:00:00.000-08:002013-09-06T11:00:26.368-07:00Pond UV Truths; Sterilizer, Clarifiers<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="http://aquariumuvsterilizer.blogspot.com/2007/12/pond-uv-truths.html" show_faces="true" width="350" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<font size ="3"><b>Pond UV Sterilizers vs. Aquarium UV Sterilizers; is there a difference?</b></font><br /><br />
Updated 7/29/13<br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLWT9wpQkzzXs_o0smjEBfEsjMYTroSESsfvqqW68F8a3t4R-lcbztBniVLAaFOJmwrnlXtG8c0Vak7HTlauMjTkLYxyJlXleG-iR5GX8zeUKEvx_NH3vSkEb2eoHnAHh5CCHu/s320/Pond-Aquarium-UV.jpg" alt="Pond UV Sterilizer for Aquarium Use" hspace="5" align="left"></a> The answer is yes AND no.<br />
This said I have had persons over the years tell me that a store (or web site) stated that a UV sterilizer that is made for a pond is even better for an aquarium; the truth is this is generally false, however for clarification, please read on!<br /><br /><br /><br />
<b>Here is what one might look for in a Pond UV Sterilizer:</b><br /><br />
*Heavy duty construction so as to withstand the sun light and other elements.<br />
However any UV that is even indirectly protected form the elements (sun light, heavy rain or snow) will work fine for a pond, assuming otherwise good construction.<br /><br />
*Pre filtration of debris;<br />
This is probably the most important aspect of a pond UV Sterilizer in that most ponds have higher amounts of organics in the water as well as general debris that will both clog a UV Sterilizer and significantly block UV effectiveness.<br /><br />
However even most of the UV Sterilizers specifically designed for ponds have no more ability to carry out this function than other UV Sterilizers. <br />
This function must be added by way of a pre-filter or standard pond filter by which the water passes through before the UV Sterilizer.<br />
See these resources: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Hydropondfilter.html" target="_blank">Hydro Pond Sponge Pre-Filters</a>, <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearStreamPondFilter.html" target="_blank">Pressurized Pond Filters</a>, & <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PondFilters.html" target="_blank">Submersible Pond Filters</a><br /><br />
It should be noted that some pond UV Sterilizers come with bulb/sleeve “wipers”, but these gimmicks do not keep the quartz sleeve much cleaner than simply one without. These wipers fail to remove hard water deposits well, which is the most common problem of UVC light blocking build-up on quartz sleeves.<br /><br />
Some claim that a quartz sleeve is necessary for pond UV sterilizers, this is only true for very cold ponds in which algae is not generally a problem anyway (this is not to say a Quartz sleeve is bad either as I have used many such as the Terminator or Premium TMC Pond Advantage UV Sterilizers that have quartz sleeves with good results).
See these product resources: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">Premium TMC Pond Advantage & Vecton UV Sterilizers</a> & <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/CompactUVSterilizer.html" target="_blank">SunSun Terminator Value UV Sterilizers</a><br /><br />
In truth, units with direct contact of water (such as the Custom 15 Watt UV Sterilizer or some Aquanetics models) actually clear many ponds in the summer just as effectively and are less fragile. <br /><br />
As an example, had a customer go through two Tetra UV Sterilizers until trying out the "custom UV" that I built, which performed much better (he lives in the warm summer climate of the Central Valley of California).<br />
I should note that the design of my custom UV is similar to the TMC Advantage/Vecton line of Premium UV Sterilizers, minus the quartz sleeve.<br /><br />
<font size ="3"><b>Lets now look at what is really needed for both aquariums AND ponds for a UV to be effective:</b></font><br />
*For algae control an average UV Sterilizer (some need slower flow rates due to poor design) require a flow rate of 40 -60 gph PER watt. <br />
The compact UVs generally require a slower flow rate of 40-45 while the straight tube UVs can have higher flow rates of 45-60, with the TMC Advantage & Vecton UV Clarifier working well at flow rates of 60 gph per watt (or even higher) due to the exceptional flow design (dwell time).<br /><br />
* For bacterial control (Level One Sterilization) an average UV Sterilizer needs a flow rate of 20-30 gph PER watt (some need slower flow rates due to poor design, while others such as the TMC can get by with the higher flows of 35 watts per gph).<br />
Reference: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilization; Level 1</a><br /><br />
* For Redox control an average UV Sterilizer (some need slower flow rates due to poor design) needs a flow rate of 25-30 gph PER watt<br /><br />
* For parasite control an average UV Sterilizer (some need slower flow rates due to poor design) needs a flow rate of 8-12 gph PER watt (generally almost ALL UV Sterilizers work to control parasites more by indirect means such as improved water conditions such as Redox and lower suspended bacterial counts).<br /><br />
Now lets look at the claims of the Tetra Pond UV Sterilizer:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/tetraponduv.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/tetraponduv.jpg" width="140" height="112" align="left"></a>
<b>9 Watt UV</b><br />
• Maximum water flow: <br />
900 gallons per hour <br />
• Maximum pond size: <br />
1800 gallons<br /><br />
<b>5 Watt UV</b><br />
• Maximum water flow:<br />
330 gallons per hour <br />
• Maximum pond size: <br />
660 gallons <br /><br />
How do they get a jump of almost triple flow for less than double wattage increase?<br />
Second the flow rate claims for both are outrageous for both algae and bacterial control. 900 gph calculates out to 100 gph per watt which is ridiculous, so someone who purchases this for a pond or aquarium thinking this will do a better job due to high flow rate claims are sadly mistaken.<br /><br />
The bottom line is <i><b>do not buy</i></b> a UV Sterilizer such as the one listed above for your aquarium or pond under the mistaken belief that it can handle more since it is called a pond UV. This is neither true for aquariums nor ponds.<br />
This is also not to say that the above pond UV Sterilizer does not work, however it should not be purchased based on its claim of flow or simply because it is a "Pond" UV Sterilizer as that makes little difference in real world application.<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="TMC Pond and Aquarium High Flow UV Sterilizers" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/tmcuv2tn3.jpg" hspace="5" align="left"></a>
<i>If you are truly interested in high end UV Sterilizer for your aquarium that is primarily designed for ponds</i>, consider a Pond UV Sterilizer with a high output (HO) UVC Bulb and longer exposure time based on a longer bulb (or quartz sleeve) and water contact via a UV with a design that utilizes this aspect of design.<br />
See: <a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/1525wattuvBulb.html" title="High Output straight tube UV Bulbs, 25, 40, 50, and 55 watt, page 2">High Output Straight Tube UVC Bulbs</a><br /><br />
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP9QRrLt0Wc3R_YhS3TdBT9TDxQLS1d4eLrAdqMJgX2JWVvhpAkDdhiU-sZzCH5fK6Zr_qIOgMd28RiXr0fxJjKWhA_BNySrqRb69o-8l4lrvpDbqqEWIdarQ0JnHOWhkyefCB/s320/TMC+110+Pro+Pond+Basics-TN.jpg" alt="TMC 110 Watt, Superior Design Pond UV Clarifier, Sterilizer" align="left" hspace="5" vspace="5"></a>A good example would be the TMC Pond Advantage 15, 25, 30, & 110 Watt UV Sterilizers or the Aqua HO UV Sterilizers (although the Aqua units generally cost much more with no more dwell/contact time as compared to the TMC units).<br />
See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Tropic Marine Center High Output UV Sterilizer for Ponds, Aquariums">TMC Pond Advantage UV Sterilizers</a><br /><br />
In fact for larger ponds, you will not find a better UV Sterilizer/Clarifier in design, flow rate, durability, ease of obtaining replacement parts (which is where even many of the better UV Sterilizers fail), & over all effectiveness than the TMC line of UVs, which have long been recognized as a leader in Europe.<br />
<i>The picture above shows a breakdown of the TMC 110 Watt UV Sterilizer, Clarifier which is without equal for larger ponds (or even central aquarium systems), especially when price is considered</i>.<br />
See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html#110watttmc" target="_blank">TMC 110 Watt UV Sterilizer/Clarifier</a><br /><br />
For more about this subject please read this article about UV Sterilization: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" target="_blank" title="UVC Aquarium, pond sterilization, facts, information"><br />Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilization; how it works, truths and myths</a><br /><br />
For other top quality UV product resources:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">UV Replacement Bulbs</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" target="_blank">UV Sterilizer for Aquarium or Pond</a><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0